Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells Flashcards
What are unicellular organism?
The simplest organisms that are made of one cell.
What are multicellular organisms?
More complex organisms that are made of multiple differentiated cells.
What are the two types of cells?
● Eukaryotic (plant and animal)
● Prokaryotic (bacteria)
What are the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
● Prokaryotic cells are much smaller than eukaryotic cells.
● Eukaryotic cells contain membrane bound-organelles and a nucleus containing genetic material, while prokaryotes do not
How is genetic information stored in a prokaryotic cell?
Found free within the cytoplasm as:
● Chromosomal DNA (single large loop of circular DNA)
● Plasmid DNA
What are plasmids?
● Small rings of DNA found free in the cytoplasm and separate from the main DNA.
● Carry genes that provide genetic advantages e.g. antibiotic resistance.
List the components of both plant and animal cells (5)
● Nucleus
● Cytoplasm
● Cell membrane
● Mitochondria
● Ribosomes
List the additional cell components found in plant cells (3)
● Chloroplasts
● Permanent vacuole
● Cell wall
Other than storing genetic information, what is the function of the nucleus?
Controls cellular activities
Describe the structure of the cytoplasm.
● Fluid component of the cell.
● Contains organelles, enzymes and dissolved ions and nutrients
What is the function of the cytoplasm?
● Site of cellular reactions e.g. first stage of respiration.
● Transport medium.
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Controls what substances come into and out of the cell.
What is the function of the mitochondria?
Site of later stages of aerobic respiration in which ATP is produced.
What is the function of the ribosomes?
Site of protein synthesis - joins amino acids in a specific order during translation for the synthesis of proteins.
What is the plant cell wall made of?
Cellulose
