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Biology(h) Cells > Eukaryotes > Flashcards

Eukaryotes Flashcards

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1
Q

Features of the nucleus

A

Surrounded by nuclear envelope (double membrane with pores)
Contains chromosomes
Contains nucleolus which is a dense solid structure involved in ribosome synthesis

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2
Q

Function of the nucleus

A

Contains genetic information for the cell including chemical reactions and cell division
Controls when mRNA is produced and hence controls protein production

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3
Q

What does the endoplasmic reticulum surround

A

The nucleus

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4
Q

Features and functions of the rough ER

A

Has ribosomes
Site of protein synthesis

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5
Q

Features and function of the smooth ER

A

Has no ribosomes
Is the site for lipid and carbohydrate metabolism including hormone synthesis

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6
Q

What is the Golgi apparatus, how does protein get to it

A

They are flattened disc shape sacs stacked on top of each other
Protein synthesised in the rough er is transported to the Golgi apparatus

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7
Q

Function of the Golgi apparatus

A

Process package transport and modify protein

Process package transport and modify lipids
Forms vesicles

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8
Q

What do vesicles do

A

Move substances needed for the organism to survive in and out of the cell

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9
Q

What is the function of the plasma membrane

A

Controls movement of substances in and out of cell

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10
Q

(Plasma membrane) what is the glycoprotein

A

Attached to a protein
Branching carbohydrate portion of a protein which acts as a recognition site for chemicals eg hormones

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11
Q

(Plasma membrane) what is the glycolipid

A

Attached to a phospholipid
Acts as a recognition site eg cholera toxins

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12
Q

What does cholesterol do in the phospholipid membrane

A

Adds strength

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13
Q

(Plasma membrane) what does the channel protein do

A

Embedded in the phospholipid layer
For facilitated diffusion

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14
Q

Describe the mitochondria and its function

A

Organelle bound by a double membrane usually rod shaped
It is responsible for producing ATP for respiration

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15
Q

Inner membrane (mitochondria)

A

Folded into cristae
Where ATP is generated in the cell by aerobic respiration

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16
Q

Matrix (mitochondria)

A

Fluid inside cristae
Contains enzymes for aerobic respiration and where the biochemical reactions of respiration take place

17
Q

What does the number of mitochondria in the cell depend on

A

The cells metabolic activity

18
Q

Describe lysosomes and their function

A

Pinched off areas of Golgi apparatus, small sphere of liquid surrounded by a single membrane
Contain enzymes that break down AND hydrolyse food and foreign matter in cells

19
Q

What are ribosomes and what are their functions

A

Small structure Associated with the rough ER or free in the cytoplasm
Involved in protein synthesis as they assemble amino acids in the right order to produce proteins
Consist of 2 sub units that attach together, one made of ribosomal RNA and one made of proteins

20
Q

Describe chloroplasts and their functions

A

Carry out photosynthesis
Disc shape with double membrane

21
Q

Describe chloroplasts and their functions

A

Carry out photosynthesis
Disc shape with double membrane

22
Q

(Chloroplasts) function of lamella and granum

A

Lamella- connects and separates thylakoid stacks (gran)
Granum- flat membrane stacks increase sa:v, small internal volumes quickly accumulate ions

23
Q

(Chloroplast) function of thylakoid and stroma

A

Thylakoid- has electron transport chain and ATP synthase for photophosphorylation, has chlorophyll
Stroma- has appropriate enzymes amd a suitable pH for the Calvin cycle

24
Q

Cell wall features and function

A

Consists of cellulose microfibrils embedded in a matrix
Middle lamella (top layer) is the junction between one cell and the next which sticks cells together
Gives it strength prevents cell from bursting

25
Q

Function and features of the vacuole

A

Have a large permanent vacuole surrounded by a membrane called the tonoplast
Contains salts sugars wastes and pigments
Supports plant by making cells turgid, may act as a temporary food store and provides colour

Biology(h) Cells (9 decks)

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