Cancer

Question 1

What is cell division controlled by

Answer 1

Genes

Question 2

What are the two types of genes that control the cell cycle

Answer 2

Tumour suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes

Question 3

What does the tumour suppressor gene do

Answer 3

Represses cell cycle and promotes apoptosis( self destruction)

Question 4

What does the proto-oncogenes do

Answer 4

Promote the cell cycle and stimulate cell division

Question 5

How do malignant tumours spread and how are they treated

Answer 5

They spread through metastasis via the blood or lymph system. They are treated through radiotherapy, chemo therapy amd surgery

Question 6

Describe benign tumours

Answer 6

Not cancerous
Cell division slower than malignant tumours
Don’t invade other tissues
Can cause blockadges
Can damage organs due to pressure
Removed by surgery

Question 7

How does chemotherapy work and why does it produce hair loss

Answer 7

A drug that
Prevents dna from replicating
Inhibits metaphase by interfering with spindle fibre formation
Cells that divide rapidly are susceptible eg hair producing cells as the drugs disrupt the cell cycle