eukaryotes Flashcards

1
Q

what is a group of eukaryotes called

A

monophyletic group

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2
Q

how were the first eukaryotic cells made

A

endosymbiosis

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3
Q

what do photosynthetic eukaryotes have

A

plastids and mitochondria

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4
Q

what are protists

A

any eukaryote that is not a plant, animal, fungus
–> sexual/asexual reproduction

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5
Q

are protists unicellular

A

most

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6
Q

what kind of life cycles do protists go through

A
  • haplontic
  • diplontic
  • haplo-diplontic
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7
Q

what are the disadvantages of reproducing sexually

A
  • takes time to look for secual partner
  • individual dilutes its own genes every generation
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8
Q

what are the advantages of reproducing sexually

A
  • new genetic combinations can be beneficial in changing environments
  • elimination of deleterious alleles –> speeds adaptation
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9
Q

how do diploid individuals produce haploid cells

A

meiosis

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10
Q

what is a life cycle

A

generation-to-generation sequence of stages in reproductive history of organism

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11
Q

explain diplontic life cycle

A
  • animals
  • spend most of cycle as multicellular diploid
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12
Q

explain haplodiplontic life cycle

A
  • plants and some algae
  • multicellular diploid (sporophyte)
  • multicellular haploid (gametophyte)
  • creates spores
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13
Q

esplain haplontic life cycle

A
  • most fungi and some protists
  • mostly unicellular diploid
  • splits through mitosis
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14
Q

explain malaria and sickle cell anemia

A
  • those with sickle cell anemia have a mutation in “s” allele
    –> have survivability advantage against malaria
    –> sickle cell anemia inhibits parasite infection of host
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15
Q

what are dinoflagellates

A

possess 2 flagella

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16
Q

what are fungi

A
  • reproduce sexually/asexually
  • are heterotrophs and decomposers
17
Q

what are myxomycetes (slime molds)

A
  • protists
  • unicellular
  • almost immortal
  • produce spores
  • can learn
18
Q

what do choanoflagellates have

A
  • single posterior flagellum
  • chitin in cell walls