Eukaryotes Flashcards
What are the differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes? (10)
What are the differences in the location of DNA between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? (2)
o Eukaryotes: located in nucleus with a double membrane
o Prokaryotes: concentrated in a region not membrane bound called nucleoid
What are the differences in the cytoplasm between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? (2)
o Eukaryotes have a variety of organelles of specialised form and function
o Prokaryotes have organized regions
True or false
Eukaryotes are larger and can carry out more functions than prokaryotes.
True
What are the similarities between eukaryotes and prokaryotes? (4)
Both have: > plasma membranes enclosing them > cytosol, > DNA > proteins
What are the parts of the endomembrane system? (7)
- Nuclear envelope
- ER (rough and smooth)
- Lysosomes
- Vesicles that bud off ER
- Golgi body
- Vesicles that bud off Golgi
- Plasma membrane
Eukaryotic cells have an elaborate and extensive internal membrane system. This divides the cell into compartments. What is compartmentalization?
Compartmentalization provides different local environments for specific metabolic reactions to occur
o Incompatible processes can occur at the same.
What are the functions of plasma membranes and organelle membranes?
Plasma membranes and organelle membranes also participate in the cell’s metabolic activities as well as a variety of functions based on the composition of the membranes.
How are membranes in the endomembrane system related?
Membranes in this system may be related through direct physical continuity, or by transfer of membrane segments (vesicles). However, the various membranes are not identical.
What does the nucleus contain?
The nucleus contains most of the genes in the eukaryote —> some found in mitochondria.
The nucleus is ___ in size.
5 micrometers
What does the nuclear envelope do?
The nuclear envelope encloses the nucleus, seperating its contents from cytoplasm.
What is the structure of the nuclear envelope? (3)
- Has a double membrane
- Each a lipid bilayer
- Contains pores for entry and exit of RNAs and proteins
What happens to DNA in the nucleus?
DNA is organised into chromsomes —> carries genetic information
What is the relation between DNA and chromosomes? (3)
- Chromsomes are made up of DNA strands wrapped around a core of proteins
- Together chromosomes form the chromatin network
- Chromosomes are only distinguishable during cell division
What happens in the nucleolus? (2)
- Synthesis of mRNA occurs
- Assembly of ribosomes
What are the overall functions of the nucleus? (2)
- Carries heriditary information
- Controls all the activities in the cell
What are the ribsomes?
Ribsomes are the protein factories of cells, made of mRNA and protein.
Is a ribsome an organelle?
No, as it does not contain a membrane.
Ribosomes aid in ____ synthesis.
protein
Ribosomes are either free (suspended in the ____) or bound (attached to outside of ___). The type of ribosome determines the functioning of the ____ created.
cytosol
ER
protein