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MCAT Tyler > Euk Cell: Transport, mitosis, protein, structure > Flashcards

Euk Cell: Transport, mitosis, protein, structure Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

All transcription happens in

A

the nucleus

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2
Q

All translation starts in

A

cytosol

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3
Q

What proteins finish translation in the cytosol

A

cytosolic proteins

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4
Q

Which proteins finish translation in the Rough ER

A

Secreted proteins
Transmembrane proteins
Lysosomal proteins
ER/Golgi “resident” proteins

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5
Q

What directs selected proteins to finish translation in the Rough ER

A

Signal sequences made of amino acids

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6
Q

mRNA modification happens in where and does what?

A

Nucleus

capping, tailing, and splicing

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7
Q

Signal sequence are located when the first few AAs are translated and removed @ completion of translation for what kind of proteins?

A

Secreted Proteins

Lysosomal Proteins

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8
Q

Signaling can be located anywhere, may appear several times, and remains in the protein for what kind of proteins?

A

Membrane bound proteins

Transmembrane and Rough ER “resident” proteins

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9
Q

What are the components of the cell membrane?

A

Phospholipids
Cholesterol - Makes membrane fluid
Proteins - active portion of membrane
Carbohydrates - attached to proteins/phospholipids

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10
Q

What is diffusion?

A

movement of particles from: High –> low concentration

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11
Q

What is osmosis?

A

Movement of water from: High –> low abundance

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12
Q

Hyper/Hypo/Iso - tonic

A

More particles than…
Less particles than…
= abundance of particles as…

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13
Q

Osmotic pressure

A

Osmotic pressure = particle concentration

Osmotic pressure moves against osmosis

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14
Q

Types of Passive transport

A

Simple Diffusion

Facilitated Diffusion

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15
Q

Types of helper Proteins

A

Pores
Channels
Porters

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16
Q

Active transport

gradient/energy

A

Requires Energy

Usually against the gradient

17
Q

What are the differences between the two types of Active transport?

A 
Primary
   -Requires Energy
   -ex: Na/K ATPase
Secondary
   -uses ATP indirectly,relys on a gradient   established by primary active transport.
   -Na-Glucose symport/co-transport
18
Q

Microtubules:

What are the types of protein, relative diameter size, and functions?

A 
alpha/beta tubulin
Large
mitotic spindles
intracellular transport
cillia and flagella
19
Q

Microfilaments:

What are the types of protein, relative diameter size, and functions?

A 
Actin
small
Muscle contraction
pseudopod formation
cytokinesis
20
Q

Intermediate filaments:

What are the types of protein, relative diameter size, and functions?

A

multiple protein types
medium size
structural roles

21
Q

What is the functional difference between cillia and flagella.

A

Cillia move small particles on the outside of a cell

Flagella move the cell itself.

22
Q

Desmosomes

A

General adhesion junctions

23
Q

Tight Junctions

A

Seal the lumens of cells

seal gaps between boundaries of cells

24
Q

Gap Junctions

A

Cell-to-cell communication

Share cytoplasm

ie: Cardiac Muscle cells.

25
Q

What is the function of the G1 phase?

A

Cell growth
Normal cell activity
Can be eternal (AKA: G0)

26
Q

What is the function of the S phase?

A

synthesis of DNA (replication)

27
Q

Describe the G1 –> S phase barrier

A

VERY heavily regulated
-(due to energy demand of replication)
Lack of this barrier = uncontrolled growth
-(cancer)
-Some viruses reduce/remove this barrier

28
Q

What is the function of the G2 Phase?

A

Growth

Mitosis Prep

29
Q

What is the function of the G2 –> Mitosis barrier?

A

Some regulation, more of a checkpoint

-Do you have all your shit for this process?

30
Q

What are the 3 events of Prophase?

A

Condense DNA

Build spindles

breakdown nuclear membrane

31
Q

What is the function of Metaphase?

A

Align chromosomes at the cell center

32
Q

What is are the 2 events of Anaphase?

A

Separate sister chromatids

Begin cytokinesis

33
Q

What are the 2 functions of Telophase?

A

Reverse prophase

Finish cytokinesis

MCAT Tyler (5 decks)

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