Euk Cell: Transport, mitosis, protein, structure Flashcards
All transcription happens in
the nucleus
All translation starts in
cytosol
What proteins finish translation in the cytosol
cytosolic proteins
Which proteins finish translation in the Rough ER
Secreted proteins
Transmembrane proteins
Lysosomal proteins
ER/Golgi “resident” proteins
What directs selected proteins to finish translation in the Rough ER
Signal sequences made of amino acids
mRNA modification happens in where and does what?
Nucleus
capping, tailing, and splicing
Signal sequence are located when the first few AAs are translated and removed @ completion of translation for what kind of proteins?
Secreted Proteins
Lysosomal Proteins
Signaling can be located anywhere, may appear several times, and remains in the protein for what kind of proteins?
Membrane bound proteins
Transmembrane and Rough ER “resident” proteins
What are the components of the cell membrane?
Phospholipids
Cholesterol - Makes membrane fluid
Proteins - active portion of membrane
Carbohydrates - attached to proteins/phospholipids
What is diffusion?
movement of particles from: High –> low concentration
What is osmosis?
Movement of water from: High –> low abundance
Hyper/Hypo/Iso - tonic
More particles than…
Less particles than…
= abundance of particles as…
Osmotic pressure
Osmotic pressure = particle concentration
Osmotic pressure moves against osmosis
Types of Passive transport
Simple Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion
Types of helper Proteins
Pores
Channels
Porters
Active transport
gradient/energy
Requires Energy
Usually against the gradient
What are the differences between the two types of Active transport?
Primary -Requires Energy -ex: Na/K ATPase Secondary -uses ATP indirectly,relys on a gradient established by primary active transport. -Na-Glucose symport/co-transport
Microtubules:
What are the types of protein, relative diameter size, and functions?
alpha/beta tubulin Large mitotic spindles intracellular transport cillia and flagella
Microfilaments:
What are the types of protein, relative diameter size, and functions?
Actin small Muscle contraction pseudopod formation cytokinesis
Intermediate filaments:
What are the types of protein, relative diameter size, and functions?
multiple protein types
medium size
structural roles
What is the functional difference between cillia and flagella.
Cillia move small particles on the outside of a cell
Flagella move the cell itself.
Desmosomes
General adhesion junctions
Tight Junctions
Seal the lumens of cells
seal gaps between boundaries of cells
Gap Junctions
Cell-to-cell communication
Share cytoplasm
ie: Cardiac Muscle cells.
What is the function of the G1 phase?
Cell growth
Normal cell activity
Can be eternal (AKA: G0)
What is the function of the S phase?
synthesis of DNA (replication)
Describe the G1 –> S phase barrier
VERY heavily regulated
-(due to energy demand of replication)
Lack of this barrier = uncontrolled growth
-(cancer)
-Some viruses reduce/remove this barrier
What is the function of the G2 Phase?
Growth
Mitosis Prep
What is the function of the G2 –> Mitosis barrier?
Some regulation, more of a checkpoint
-Do you have all your shit for this process?
What are the 3 events of Prophase?
Condense DNA
Build spindles
breakdown nuclear membrane
What is the function of Metaphase?
Align chromosomes at the cell center
What is are the 2 events of Anaphase?
Separate sister chromatids
Begin cytokinesis
What are the 2 functions of Telophase?
Reverse prophase
Finish cytokinesis
