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History: Early Modern > EU Drama (Continent) > Flashcards

EU Drama (Continent) Flashcards

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1
Q

what was the connection between cities and death?

A

Urban cities are death ticks, people die alot

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2
Q

General population trend in EME?

A

General population increase after plagues

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3
Q

What do increase of urban statistics tell?

A

Urbanization is taking place. Less people farming since its becoming more effective

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4
Q

What was Great divergence

A

Great divergence was gap between Europe compared to world in terms of wealth and pop.

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5
Q

What primary sources were used to figure out statistics?

A

Censuses, tax records, and parish records

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6
Q

What did Malthus propose caused population growth?

A

Negative and positive checks that led to food to increase in arithmetic rate which outgrew population rate.

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7
Q

What were positive checks of population growth?

A

Checks that increased the death rate AKA famine, war, and disease

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8
Q

What were negative checks of population growth?

A

Things that prevented the birth rate celibacy

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9
Q

What was the pattern of famines in EME?

A

Local dying regular famines wirth eras of generalized famines

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10
Q

What was European Marriage Pattern? What did it cause?

A

European marriage pattern. Men and women age become more similar causing Fertility delayed, children reduced.

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11
Q

What was wage culture like in EME? Did wages exist?

A

Not everyone was paid. Generally wages given to construction workers

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12
Q

Renaissance: What was it?

A

An intellectutal and cultural movement that rebelled against certain aspects of middle ages

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13
Q

Renaissance: where was it created and cultivated by?

A

educated, ambitious citizens of Italy’s self-governing urban republics who didnt believe in feudal values

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14
Q

Renaissance: Where did Renaissance humanism come from?

A

world of business and government

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15
Q

Renaissance: What did the humanists want todo?

A

revive the study of ancient texts

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16
Q

Renaissance: What was the belief of humanism?

A

humans need to pay attention to this life and this world.

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17
Q

Renaissance: Who was considered the first humanist and founding member of the Renaissance?

A

Petrarch (Francesco Petrarca, 1304–74) is widely considered the first humanist

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18
Q

Renaissance: what sources defined the renaissance?

A

painting, sculpture, and architecture

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19
Q

Renaissance: What are 4 defining characteristics of renaissance

A

Naturalism, realism, religous or classical themes, and sense of harmony and balance

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20
Q

Renaissance: How did the state change?

A

State governed as the product of human agency, rather than natural or divine roots

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21
Q

Renaissance: 4 markers of political moderity

A
  1. Sense of imagined community
  2. recognized territorial boundaries
  3. stability of institutions
  4. sovereignty
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22
Q

Reformations: What was the Reformations?

A

Luther’s criticism of the church that led to the destruction of religious unity that split Europe into Roman Catholics and protestants streams

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23
Q

Reformations: What were the 3 factors that led to the Reformations?

A
  1. Powerful secular rulers
  2. Changes in the churches goals
  3. More influential peoples
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24
Q

Reformations: Which 3 groups of people led the criticism of the church?

A
  1. humanists
  2. religious leaders
  3. literate urban middle class
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25
Q

Reformations: What was Luther’s intentions with criticizing the church/

A

No intention of breaking unity of Christendom

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26
Q

Reformations: What were Luther’s criticisms of the church/

A

Criticism of their wealth and indulgences

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27
Q

Reformations: Why did Luther deny the validity of charitable works?

A

He believed Christians were saved not through gods eyes but through god’s grace

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28
Q

Reformations: Which indulgence bothered him specifically?

A

building of St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome

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29
Q

Reformations: What did the 95 Theses protest?

A

Letter to Archbishop Albrecht of Mainz protesting sale of indulgences, who condemns him to heresy

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30
Q

Reformations: How did the 96 Theses pick on?

A

German translation and printing press

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31
Q

Reformations: What did Luther argue in The Address to the Christian nobility of the German Nation?

A

Wanting German rulers to reform the church

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32
Q

Reformations: What did Luther reject in The Babylonian Captivity of the church?

A

rejected scholastic theology and five of the seven sacraments

33
Q

Reformations: What did Luther argue about Christian freedom in The Freedom of a Christian?

A

argued that Christians dont need to get salvation; however, they freely and willingly serve God

34
Q

Reformations: What happened at the imperial diet in 1521?

A

Luther told to recant his views, he refused. Luther condemned as notorious heretic

35
Q

Reformations: What happened to Luther that led him to exile?

A

He burned exsurge domine and was exiled

36
Q

Reformations: What was the effect of Luther’s ideas on violence?

A

Religious revolts

37
Q

Reformations: What was the peasants war?

A

Peasants revolted. Peasants felt betrayed by their authority. 12 articles.

38
Q

Reformations: What did the 12 articles demand?

A

Rights of peasants

39
Q

Reformations: What was the Colloquy of marburg?

A

Debate between Luther and Ulrich Zwingi (Switzerland) where they agreed on all points except bread and wine

40
Q

Reformations: What was the Diet of Augsburg

A

Charles V’s meeting have all german princes to confess their religious beliefs and have Luther confess his criticisms of the church

41
Q

Reformations: What is the Augsburg confession?

A

It is a reformation document of Luther’s Lutheran belief that led to confessionisation

42
Q

Reformations: What is the Schmalkaldic league?

A

Allance of Protestant princes

43
Q

Reformations: What is the Council of Trent? What was it’s significance?

A

debates between catholics and protestant by Paul III. Goal to reform the church and reunite christendom. It acted on many issues of the church

44
Q

Reformations: What was Charles V’s Augsburg interim?

A

Decree announced at Diet of Augsburg that allowed protestants clergymen right to marry

45
Q

Reformations: Why was confessinalisation important? Waht were princes doing?

A

Princes are now choosing what doctrine they follow, then they teach it to people in their area

46
Q

Reformations: Who was Ulrich Zwingli?

A

Swiss Reformist who differed from luther’s bread and wine sacrament

47
Q

Reformations: Who was Thomas Munzer?

A

Reformer who played key role in Peasants revolt

48
Q

Reformations: Who were Anabaptists?

A

Religious pacifists seen as

49
Q

Reformations: Who was John Calvin?

A

Founder of Calvinism who differed on predestination

50
Q

Reformations: What was the key tenet of Calvinism?

A

Pre-destination and that we cannot affect our destiny

51
Q

Reformations: What were the counter-reformations?

A

Church reform movement to oppose protestant reformation and recovert people back to Catholicism

52
Q

Reformation: What was the main effect of Christendom?

A

Destroyed religious unity beyond repair and drew stricter boundaries within religion

53
Q

Reformations: How were women included?

A

Women marginalized as they were shut off from leadership roles in protestant churches

54
Q

Reformations: confessionalization effect the act of believing

A

Confessinalization turned Christianity from what you believed in rather than just believing

55
Q

Reformations: Effect on protestant states

A

State gain money from stripping wealth from church

56
Q

Reformation: Effect on catholic states

A

Catholic rulers authority strengthened by need to take control over their land

57
Q

Reformations: What did fragmentation of Christendom lead to?

A

Century of warfare

58
Q

God war: What was the 80 years war?

A

Spanish Dutch war

59
Q

God war: What were political reasons to the 80 years war?

A
  1. Philip II’s taxation
  2. Netherland’s protestant presence
60
Q

God war: What was the Spanish armada of the 80 years war?

A

Philip II’s Spanish navy stopped by the English navy which led to an impression of strong English naval presence

61
Q

God war: What was the effect of the 80 years war?

A

Led to a 12 year truce and 30 years war while also creating the independent Dutch republic

62
Q

God war: What was the 30 years war?

A

A religious war between roman Catholics and protestants, and Habsburgs and most of Europe

63
Q

God war: How did religion cause the 30 years war caused?

A

Catholic and protestant tensions was a condition for war

64
Q

God war: How did Habsburgs cause the 30 years war caused?

A

Enemies of the Holy Roman Empire wanted to stop the growing Habsburg power

65
Q

God war: The result of 30 years war? What treaty ended it?

A

The Peace of Westphalia led to territorial gains at the cost of any chance of reunifying the Christianity

66
Q

God war: What was the Fronde?

A

French civil wars within Louis XIV’s rule that saw the defence of the parlement and attempt to reduce the monarchy

67
Q

What is the War of Spanish Succession? What ended it?

A

A war that spread over to New world colonies that was ended by the Peace of Utrecht

68
Q

What was the 7 years war?

A

War with most European powers over all continents that ended with the Treaty of Paris

69
Q

What was the American revolutionary war?

A

America establishing sovereign USA from the British

70
Q

Enlightenment: What is the Enlightenment?

A

An attempt to use nature and reason to reform society

71
Q

Enlightenment: Why did it happen?

A

Accessibility to knowledge, Philosophy and increasing literacy

72
Q

Enlightenment: Who was Voltaire?

A

French philosophe who saw England as a model society with parliament control and scientific geniuses

73
Q

Enlightenment: What did
Montesquieu argue about the best government system?

A

Argued there is no best government, only one that is suitable for that state

74
Q

Enlightenment: What was Diderot’s Encyclopedie?

A

A project to sum up all enlightened ideas in one book collection

75
Q

Enlightenment: How did the church motivate the enlightenment

A

Church’s hostility to scientific discoveries in history

76
Q

Enlightenment: How did it support organized religion? What did John Locke propose?

A

John Locke proposed reason strengthened faith

77
Q

Enlightenment: What political system did Enlightened thinkers general reject?

A

The heredity based monarchy

78
Q

Enlightenment: What belief of the enlightened led to agricultural reform?

A

Thinkers believed true sources of wealth come from land and agriculture

79
Q

Enlightenment: How was attributed to the 17th cent. Scientific revolution?

A

The knowledge and specimens gained in the scientific revolution led to the better classification and understanding of the world

History: Early Modern (5 decks)

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