Etymology Flashcards
Tubercle
tuberculum (Latin) = small swelling
Jugular (Jugular veins)
Jugularis(Latin) = collarbone,throat,neck
Pectoralis (e.g. pecotralis major +minor)
Pectus(Latin)=breast
Latissimus (e.g. latissimus dorsi muscle)
latissimus(LATIN) = broadest (broadest muscle of the back)
Brachii
upper arm
anastomosis
a surfical connection between two structures
Anatomic (true) End Artery
When NO anastomosis exists e.g. artery of retina
Functional End Artery
When an anastomosis exists but is incapable of providing a sufficient supply of blood e.g. splenic artery, renal artery
Fascia
thin casing of connective tissue that surrounds and holds every organ, blood vessel, bone, nerve fiber, and muscle in place - it has nerves that make it almost as sensitive as skin
girdle (e.g. pectoral girdle + pelvic girdle)
girdle refers to structures that encircle or support parts of the skeleton
They fucntion as attachment points for the limbs and play key roles in movement and stability.
Pectoral (shoulder) girdle:
- comprises of: clavicles + scapula
- connects upper limbs (arms) to the axial skeleton (spine + ribcage)
- provides mobility and range of motion
Pelvic girdle:
- consists of: hip bones (ilium, ischium, pubis)
connects lower limbs (legs) to axial skeleton at the sacrum (lowest part of the spine)
- supports weight of upper body, facilitates walking, protects organs in the pelvic region
vesico
bladder
orifice (e.g. vaginal orifice / urethral orifice / the orifice into the aorta fomr the lwoer left chamber of the heart)
aperture/hole that opens into a bodily cavity
myo
muscle
peri e.g. periosteum
surrounding e.g. surrounding the bone
rete
net
viscero
organs within cavities
fossa
anatomical groove/depression
transverse
situated or extending across something / extending or lying across
hilum / hila
depression/fissure where structure such as blood vessels and nerves enter an organ
facets
flat or nearly flat surface on a bone. the vertebral articualr facets are where two vertebrae articulate.
ramus
branch
Girdle
bony structure that attaches the limbs to the axial skeleton and provides support and stability. 2 types of girdles in the human body
- Pectoral girdle (shoulder girdle) —- clavicles + scapulae,, connecting upper limbs to axial skeleton, the sternum specifically
- Pelvic girdle ( Hip girdle) — hip bones(ilium,ischium.pubis) joining to form the pelvis —- attaches lower limbs to the axial skeleton, supporting the weight of the upper body + providing stability for walking, standing
tarsal
pertainign to the ankle
tarsal bones (hindfoot + midfoot)
metatarsals (forefoot)
phalanges
In the ancient Greek army a row of troops was called a phalanx. To later anatomists, the rows of bones of the fingers and toes were reminiscent of rows of troops
carpal
Latin for carpus - karpos in Greek, meaning wrist (e.g. carpale bones / metacarpals)
ulna
medial bone on the forearm, BUT inlatin it means “elbow”
Facet
a small, smooth, flat sruface on a bone, often where bones articualte with each other (meet/connect). are typically found on bones in the SPINE + JOINTS, where they allow for movement and stability between the bones.
vertebral facets joints: located between the vertebrae of the spine for spinal flexibility — each vertebra has a superior articular facet and an inferior articular facet
rib facets: facets on the thoracic vertebrae where the ribs articualte with the spine, allowing movement of the ribcage during breathing
lacuna
lacunae
an unfilled space;gap
a cavity or depression, especially in bone
puerperal
during or relating to the period of about six weeks after childbirth during which the mother’s reproductive organs return to their original non-pregnant condition.
