Etymology

Question 1

Tubercle

Answer 1

tuberculum (Latin) = small swelling

Question 2

Jugular (Jugular veins)

Answer 2

Jugularis(Latin) = collarbone,throat,neck

Question 3

Pectoralis (e.g. pecotralis major +minor)

Answer 3

Pectus(Latin)=breast

Question 4

Latissimus (e.g. latissimus dorsi muscle)

Answer 4

latissimus(LATIN) = broadest (broadest muscle of the back)

Question 5

Brachii

Answer 5

upper arm

Question 6

anastomosis

Answer 6

a surfical connection between two structures

Question 7

Anatomic (true) End Artery

Answer 7

When NO anastomosis exists e.g. artery of retina

Question 8

Functional End Artery

Answer 8

When an anastomosis exists but is incapable of providing a sufficient supply of blood e.g. splenic artery, renal artery

Question 9

Fascia

Answer 9

thin casing of connective tissue that surrounds and holds every organ, blood vessel, bone, nerve fiber, and muscle in place - it has nerves that make it almost as sensitive as skin

Question 10

girdle (e.g. pectoral girdle + pelvic girdle)

Answer 10

girdle refers to structures that encircle or support parts of the skeleton
They fucntion as attachment points for the limbs and play key roles in movement and stability.

Pectoral (shoulder) girdle:
- comprises of: clavicles + scapula
- connects upper limbs (arms) to the axial skeleton (spine + ribcage)
- provides mobility and range of motion

Pelvic girdle:
- consists of: hip bones (ilium, ischium, pubis)
connects lower limbs (legs) to axial skeleton at the sacrum (lowest part of the spine)
- supports weight of upper body, facilitates walking, protects organs in the pelvic region

Question 11

vesico

Answer 11

bladder

Question 12

orifice (e.g. vaginal orifice / urethral orifice / the orifice into the aorta fomr the lwoer left chamber of the heart)

Answer 12

aperture/hole that opens into a bodily cavity

Question 13

myo

Answer 13

muscle

Question 14

peri e.g. periosteum

Answer 14

surrounding e.g. surrounding the bone

Question 15

rete

Answer 15

net

Question 17

viscero

Answer 17

organs within cavities

Question 18

fossa

Answer 18

anatomical groove/depression

Question 19

transverse

Answer 19

situated or extending across something / extending or lying across

Question 20

hilum / hila

Answer 20

depression/fissure where structure such as blood vessels and nerves enter an organ

Question 21

facets

Answer 21

flat or nearly flat surface on a bone. the vertebral articualr facets are where two vertebrae articulate.

Question 22

ramus

Answer 22

branch

Question 23

Girdle

Answer 23

bony structure that attaches the limbs to the axial skeleton and provides support and stability. 2 types of girdles in the human body

1. Pectoral girdle (shoulder girdle) —- clavicles + scapulae,, connecting upper limbs to axial skeleton, the sternum specifically
2. Pelvic girdle ( Hip girdle) — hip bones(ilium,ischium.pubis) joining to form the pelvis —- attaches lower limbs to the axial skeleton, supporting the weight of the upper body + providing stability for walking, standing

Question 24

tarsal

Answer 24

pertainign to the ankle

tarsal bones (hindfoot + midfoot)
metatarsals (forefoot)

Question 25

phalanges

Answer 25

In the ancient Greek army a row of troops was called a phalanx. To later anatomists, the rows of bones of the fingers and toes were reminiscent of rows of troops

Question 26

carpal

Answer 26

Latin for carpus - karpos in Greek, meaning wrist (e.g. carpale bones / metacarpals)

Question 27

ulna

Answer 27

medial bone on the forearm, BUT inlatin it means “elbow”

Question 28

Facet

Answer 28

a small, smooth, flat sruface on a bone, often where bones articualte with each other (meet/connect). are typically found on bones in the SPINE + JOINTS, where they allow for movement and stability between the bones.

vertebral facets joints: located between the vertebrae of the spine for spinal flexibility — each vertebra has a superior articular facet and an inferior articular facet

rib facets: facets on the thoracic vertebrae where the ribs articualte with the spine, allowing movement of the ribcage during breathing

Question 29

lacuna
lacunae

Answer 29

an unfilled space;gap

a cavity or depression, especially in bone