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Robin Small Animal Surgery I > Etiology etc: Repro & Urinary > Flashcards

Etiology etc: Repro & Urinary Flashcards

1
Q

Cause of Nephrolithiasis

A

Ca oxalate

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2
Q

Cause of Renal Trauma

A

Most commonly from “Hit By Car”/ blunt trauma

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3
Q

What kidney disease that can be acquired(neoplasia, abscess, cyst, stone, iatrogenic) or congential(torsion, kinking, stenosis, atresia) causes progressive dilatation of the renal pelvis and atrophy of the renal parenchyma?????

A

Hydronephrosis

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4
Q

What kidney disease is a complication of obstructive uropathy and caused by an ascending infection.

A

Pyelonephritis

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5
Q

Etiology of Giant Kidney Worm

A

Dioctophyma renale

Fish or frog consumption.

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6
Q

What is the most common benign renal neoplasia?

A

Renal Adenoma

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7
Q

What is the most common malignant renal neoplasia in the dog?

A

Renal Cell Carcinoma

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8
Q

What is the most common renal neoplasia in the cat?

A

Renal Lymphoma

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9
Q

A congenital neoplasia that is more common in young dogs and cats and is part of the developing kidney.

A

Embryonic Nephroblastoma

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10
Q

Surgical Treatment for irreversible acute renal failure, decompensated chronic renal failure or polycystic disease?

A

Renal Transplant

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11
Q

Which breeds, sex and age are predisposed to ectopic ureter?

A

Siberian Husky, Lab, Goldern Retriever, West Highland Terrier.

Female canines

Young patients

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12
Q

What is a ureterocele and does it happen?

A

Ureterocele is a dilation of the distal ureter. Caused by persistent membrane in embryonic development.

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13
Q

1 cause of urethral trauma.

A

Iatrogenic –> Spays

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14
Q

Most common indication for uretheral surgery.

A

Ureterolithiasis

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15
Q

What are the two most common causes of bladder rupture?

A

Trauma(HBC)- most common and Iatrogenic

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16
Q

Which cystic calculi compromise 90% of the calculi found in the bladder?

A

Struvite and Ca Oxalate

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17
Q

Which bladder disease mimics TCC, affects the mucosa , and is non-neoplastic?

A

Polypoid Cystitis

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18
Q

What is the most common bladder tumor in the canine?

A

TCC

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19
Q

Which breed is predisposed to bladder tumors?

A

Scottish Terriers

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20
Q

Where is the most common site for tumors in the urinary tract in dogs?

A

Bladder

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21
Q

What is the most common tumor in the cat?

A

TCC

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22
Q

What is the most common urinary tract tumor in the cat?

A

Renal Lymphoma

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23
Q

What is the site of the second most common urinary tract tumor in the cat?

A

Bladder

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24
Q

In which area of the bladder do we find TCC in the dog?

A

Trigone

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25
Q

In what area of the bladder do we find TCC in the cat?

A

Apex

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26
Q

The following predisposing factors are contribute to which bladder tumor?

Obesity
Insecticide exposure
Herbicide
Cyclophosphamide

A

TCC

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27
Q

What is the most common developmental abnormality of male genitalia?

A

Hypospadias

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28
Q

Which dog breed is predisposed to hypospadias?

A

Boston Terriers

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29
Q

What breed/sex of dogs is predisposed to urethral prolapse?

A

Young male brachycephalic dogs

30
Q

The following are causes for which urethra abnormality.

Urethral surgery
Trauma by uroliths
Iatrogenic from catheterization
Healing after minor trauma

A

Urethral Strictures

31
Q

Follicular cyst produce which hormone?

A

Estrogen

32
Q

Luteal cyst produce which hormone

A

Progesterone

33
Q

What ages are affected by functional ovarian cyst?

A

Young adult

Dog

34
Q

What age is affected by ovarian neoplasia?

A

Older > 10 intact females

35
Q

What is the tissue of origin for an ovarian adenoma or adenocarcinoma?

A

Epithelial Tissue

36
Q

What is the tissue of origin for a granulosa cell tumor?

A

Stromal Tissue

37
Q

Etiology of ovarian remnant syndrome.

A

Surgical error. Ovarian tissue left behind at OHE/OVE

38
Q

Pathophysiology of cystic endometrial hyperplasia.

A

Excess progesterone

39
Q

Bacteria most responsible for pyometra.

A

E.Coli

40
Q

Why is pyometra less common in cats?

A

Cats are induced ovulators therefore less chance of excess progesterone.

41
Q

When does metritis occur?

A

Postpartum (~12 hours - 1week)

42
Q

The following are a list of etiologies for which reproductive tract infection:

Dystocia
Obstertric manipulation
Retained fetus or placenta
Devitalized uterine tissue

A

Metritis

43
Q

This thing is commonly associated with dystocia. It is caused by a rotation of the uterine horn on long axis.

A

Uterine Torsion- medical emergency

44
Q

This is a complication of parturition for up to 48 hours following final fetus. More common in cats.

A

Uterine Prolapse

45
Q

Most common benign uterine neoplasia in the dog.

A

Leiomyoma

46
Q

Feline:

Malignant or Benign Uterine Neoplasia

A

Malignant and metastatic

47
Q

What happens in the vagina that is caused by retained embryonic epithelial tissue?

A

Vestibulovaginal Stenosis

No basis for genetic transmission

48
Q

Name that v-v stenosis:

“Double Vagina”
Thin band of mucosa

A

V-v stenosis- SEPTAL

49
Q

Name that v-v stenosis:

“Imperforate hymen”
Rind shaped

A

Annular

50
Q

Name that v-v stenosis:

Narrowed section of vaginal vault
Represents failure of growth

A

Hypoplasia

51
Q

Conformational abnormality of the vagina found in medium to large breed dogs. Very common in St.Kitts. Described as a “hooded vulva”

A

Recessed Vulva

52
Q

Condition of the vagina where mucosa becomes edematous and protrudes from vulva. Affects young dogs in one of their first proestrus/estrus cycles.

A

Vaginal edema/hyperplasia

53
Q

What is the most common neoplasm in the intact female dog?

A

Canine Mammary Tumor

70% of all tumors(benign and malignant)

Median age 7-11 years

54
Q

What breed of dog is predisposed to malignant canine mammary tumors?

A

German Shepard Dog

55
Q

Which mammary glands are most commonly affected?

A

4th and 5th

56
Q

Which mammary condition occurs right after a heat cycle? You will see multiple masses a few mm in diameter.

A

Canine Mammary Hyperplasia

57
Q

Which malignant mammary tumor is rapidly progressive and affects multiple glands in both chains?

A

Inflammatory Carcinoma

58
Q

What % of feline mammary tumors are malignant?

A

85-90%

80% adenocarcinoma

59
Q

A benign mammary lesion that occurs in young cats. Is complicated by trauma, infection and necrosis.

A

Fibroadenomatous Hyperplasia

60
Q

Failure of either testicle to descend. Small breeds predisposed. Genetically transmitted.

A

Cryptorchidism

61
Q

Origins and their associated hormones of a functional testicular neoplasia.

A

Sertoli cell- secretes estrogen

Interstitial cell- testosterone

62
Q

Incomplete formation of the penile urethra

Most common developmental anomaly of external male genitalia.

Most common in Boston Terriers

A

Hypospadias

63
Q

Inability to retract penis

Congenital is the most common cause: narrowed orifice, and shortened prepuce.

A

Paraphimosis

64
Q

2 most common penis neoplasias

A

TVT and Mast Cell Tumor

65
Q

What part of the male reproductive tract is mast cell tumor more frequently malignant?

A

Prepuce

66
Q

Normal aging change in the male reproductive tract.

A

BPH

67
Q

What is the most common organism associated with prostatic abscess/prostatits?

A

E.Coli

68
Q

What condition is required to have pre-exisited to have prostatitis?

A

BPH

69
Q

Type of prostatic neoplasia.

A

Adenocarcinoma

70
Q

Most useful diagnostic tool for simple septal stenosis.

A

Vaginoscopy

Because you get direct visualization of the stenosis and can evaluate repro and urinary tract.

Robin Small Animal Surgery I (5 decks)

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