Diagnosis: Repro & Urinary Flashcards
Dx nephrolithiasis using
Surgery radiographs, ULS
How would you check renal function before surgery for nephrolithiasis?
Excretory urography( measures GFR) and ULS
3 modalities used to dx renal trauma
Contrast excretory urography, exploratory celiotomy and ULS>
3 modalities use to dx hydronephrosis
Abdominal rads, excretory urogram and ULS
When are giant kidney worms usually diagnosed?
Necropsy
Best way to diagnose a renal neoplasia.
ULS
100% abdominal mass
85% kidney mass
The following are indications for which diagnostic method:
- suspected neoplasia
- nephrotic syndrome
- renal cortex disease
- non diagnosed ARF
Renal Biopsy
When should you avoid doing a renal biopsy?
If results won’t alter course of therapy, if it won’s change prognosis with CRF, if the owner wont pursue further therapy, and if there are higher risks of complications.
3 contraindications to doing a renal biopsy.
- Coagulopathies
- Hypertension-risk of hemorrhage
- Severe chronic hydronephrosis
How many glomeruli should be obtained in a renal biopsy sample?
> 5-6 glomeruli
What is the preferred method to obtaining a biopsy sample?
ULS guided - can ID target lesions
Which renal biopsy technique can obtain a larger sample?
Wedge or Incisional Biospy via ventral midline celiotomy.
What are the 3 complications associated with doing a renal biopsy?
- Severe hemorrhage because of hypertension, coagulopathy and poor technique
- Hematuria
- Hydronephrosis(urethral obstruction from clot)
What are the 2 main modalities used to diagnose ectopic ureter?
Excretory urography (76% accurate) and CT
Main way to diagnose ureteroceles.
IV urography. Will see a “cobra head” sign.
Modalities used to Dx Urethral Trauma
Rads and IV urography(localizes the lesion)
Modalites used to Dx Ureterolithiasis
Rads- can see radiopaque Ca oxalate
ULS- determines dilation of ureter/pelvis
How would you diagnose persistent urachus in the bladder?
Place contrast in umbilicus
How would you Dx Vesicouracheal Diverticulum?
Positive contrast cystography
What would you see in a radiograph to confirm a bladder rupture diagnosis?
Can see free abdominal fluid, absence of bladder and decreased serosal detail.
What is ULS used for in the diagnosis of a bladder rupture?
Guide for abdominocentesis and helps determine source of injury.
What is the MOST RELIABLE modality used to diagnose bladder rupture?
Positive Contrast Urethrocystogram
Can see leakage of contrast material in abdomen.
Only do if highly suspicious of bladder rupture
Abdominiocentesis is also used to Dx bladder rupture. What are the characteristics inside the fluid that would point to a bladder rupture?
Urea(BUN) in peritoneal fluid = serum urea
Creatinine in peritoneal fluid > serum creatinine
90% of diagnoses of cystic calculi are made via what modality?
Plain radiographs
Except cystine and urates are radiolucent.
ULS can also be used.
What confirms polypoid cystitis?
Biopsy
What is an easy way to diagnose bladder tumors?
Urinalysis.
What modality is very diagnostic for bladder tumors, where you can visualize and biopsy the mass?
Cystoscopy
What imaging modality would you use to determine the degrees of bladder invasiveness for bladder tumors?
ULS
What diagnostic method should you avoid doing with bladder tumors?
Fine Needle Aspirate- high incidence of tumor seeding
When would you perform a bladder tumor antigen test?
Screening test for older patients.
Most useful diagnostic tool for simple septal stenosis of vagina.
Vaginoscopy
Because you can see stenosis and evaluate repro and urinary tract.
