Diagnosis: Repro & Urinary

Question 1

Dx nephrolithiasis using

Answer 1

Surgery radiographs, ULS

Question 2

How would you check renal function before surgery for nephrolithiasis?

Answer 2

Excretory urography( measures GFR) and ULS

Question 3

3 modalities used to dx renal trauma

Answer 3

Contrast excretory urography, exploratory celiotomy and ULS>

Question 4

3 modalities use to dx hydronephrosis

Answer 4

Abdominal rads, excretory urogram and ULS

Question 5

When are giant kidney worms usually diagnosed?

Answer 5

Necropsy

Question 6

Best way to diagnose a renal neoplasia.

Answer 6

ULS

100% abdominal mass
85% kidney mass

Question 7

The following are indications for which diagnostic method:

• suspected neoplasia
• nephrotic syndrome
• renal cortex disease
• non diagnosed ARF

Answer 7

Renal Biopsy

Question 8

When should you avoid doing a renal biopsy?

Answer 8

If results won’t alter course of therapy, if it won’s change prognosis with CRF, if the owner wont pursue further therapy, and if there are higher risks of complications.

Question 9

3 contraindications to doing a renal biopsy.

Answer 9

1. Coagulopathies
2. Hypertension-risk of hemorrhage
3. Severe chronic hydronephrosis

Question 10

How many glomeruli should be obtained in a renal biopsy sample?

Answer 10

> 5-6 glomeruli

Question 11

What is the preferred method to obtaining a biopsy sample?

Answer 11

ULS guided - can ID target lesions

Question 12

Which renal biopsy technique can obtain a larger sample?

Answer 12

Wedge or Incisional Biospy via ventral midline celiotomy.

Question 13

What are the 3 complications associated with doing a renal biopsy?

Answer 13

1. Severe hemorrhage because of hypertension, coagulopathy and poor technique
2. Hematuria
3. Hydronephrosis(urethral obstruction from clot)

Question 14

What are the 2 main modalities used to diagnose ectopic ureter?

Answer 14

Excretory urography (76% accurate) and CT

Question 15

Main way to diagnose ureteroceles.

Answer 15

IV urography. Will see a “cobra head” sign.

Question 16

Modalities used to Dx Urethral Trauma

Answer 16

Rads and IV urography(localizes the lesion)

Question 17

Modalites used to Dx Ureterolithiasis

Answer 17

Rads- can see radiopaque Ca oxalate

ULS- determines dilation of ureter/pelvis

Question 18

How would you diagnose persistent urachus in the bladder?

Answer 18

Place contrast in umbilicus

Question 19

How would you Dx Vesicouracheal Diverticulum?

Answer 19

Positive contrast cystography

Question 20

What would you see in a radiograph to confirm a bladder rupture diagnosis?

Answer 20

Can see free abdominal fluid, absence of bladder and decreased serosal detail.

Question 21

What is ULS used for in the diagnosis of a bladder rupture?

Answer 21

Guide for abdominocentesis and helps determine source of injury.

Question 22

What is the MOST RELIABLE modality used to diagnose bladder rupture?

Answer 22

Positive Contrast Urethrocystogram

Can see leakage of contrast material in abdomen.

Only do if highly suspicious of bladder rupture

Question 23

Abdominiocentesis is also used to Dx bladder rupture. What are the characteristics inside the fluid that would point to a bladder rupture?

Answer 23

Urea(BUN) in peritoneal fluid = serum urea

Creatinine in peritoneal fluid > serum creatinine

Question 24

90% of diagnoses of cystic calculi are made via what modality?

Answer 24

Plain radiographs

Except cystine and urates are radiolucent.

ULS can also be used.

Question 25

What confirms polypoid cystitis?

Answer 25

Biopsy

Question 26

What is an easy way to diagnose bladder tumors?

Answer 26

Urinalysis.

Question 27

What modality is very diagnostic for bladder tumors, where you can visualize and biopsy the mass?

Answer 27

Cystoscopy

Question 28

What imaging modality would you use to determine the degrees of bladder invasiveness for bladder tumors?

Answer 28

ULS

Question 29

What diagnostic method should you avoid doing with bladder tumors?

Answer 29

Fine Needle Aspirate- high incidence of tumor seeding

Question 30

When would you perform a bladder tumor antigen test?

Answer 30

Screening test for older patients.

Question 31

Most useful diagnostic tool for simple septal stenosis of vagina.

Answer 31

Vaginoscopy

Because you can see stenosis and evaluate repro and urinary tract.