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Ortho > Etiology > Flashcards

Etiology Flashcards

1
Q

congenitally missing teeth associated with

A

sytemic disease like ectodermal dysplasia

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2
Q

clinically implication of congenitally missing teeth

A

spacing problem

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3
Q

supernumerary teeth clinical implication

A

spacing – impacted or crowding

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4
Q

multiple supernumerary teeth associated with

A

congenital syndromes like cleidocranial dysplasia

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5
Q

implications of pre-mature loss of primary tooth

A

anterior segment - due to size of erupting permanent

usually affects primary canines

tendency for the space to close

incisor tend to drift distally

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6
Q

most common extra tooth

A

mesiodens

- found in midline upper centrals

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7
Q

clinical implication of premature exfoliation of c’s (like primary tooth c)

A

midlien shift, pace collapse for eruption of permanents and crowding

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8
Q

premature loss of d’s or e’s can cause what clinically

A

alteration of molar relation and crowding or lack of space for eruption of permanent pre-molar or canines

alterations of the occlusal plane

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9
Q

extraction of permanent teeth - when are changes seen

A

bigger changes are in the first 6 months post extraction

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10
Q

implication of loss of permanent teeth

A

clinically – occlusal plane is broken/ altered. space collapses, and abnormal tooth inclination

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11
Q

clinically small teeth lead to –>

large teeth? –>

A

small – large jaws – spacing

large teeth – smaller jaws – crowding

(ideally you want small teeth - with small jaws and vice versa)

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12
Q

bolton
discrepency
% accurate? why?

A

only 5% have the proprtional size of teeth

states the size of the upper teeth is not proportional to the size of the lower teeth (5% of population)

due to the size of the lateral incisor variation

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13
Q

clinical implication of bolton discrepency

A

spacing, crowding, or if aligned altered OJ

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14
Q

what can alter eruption

A

supernumerary teeth, sclerotic bone, heavy fibrou gingiva can obstruct

or mechanical interference

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15
Q

ectopic eruption - general

A

malposition of a tooth bud can lead to eruption in a wrong place

may be associated with trauma in primary dentition

also produced by lack of arch space

can produce root resorption of wrong primary

can lead to impaction

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16
Q

more frequency of ectopic eruption in which teeth

A

upper first molars, upper cuspids, and lower second bicupids

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17
Q

mot extreme ectopipc

A

transposition – teeth switched in position with the neighboring tooth

like pre molar in spot of canine

most frequent – cuspid and the bicuspid

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18
Q

ankylosis found in? radiographically looks?

A

frequently found in traumitized permanent teeth and in primary molars where the succedaneous tooth is congenitally missing

radiographically – loss of PDL space

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19
Q

attachment levels - general and implication

A

teeth are connected to the alveolar bone by the attachment apparatus

if there is loss of attachment teeth become mobile and start flaring

clinically — development of diastemas and increasesd OVERJET

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20
Q

frenal attachment can cause?

A

DIASTEMA - if thick fibrous LOW INSERTED – causing an anterior diestema

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21
Q

an anterior diestema can be caused by

A

frenal attachment inserted LOW

thick fibrous low inserted frenum can cause this

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22
Q

dental problems related to etiology

A
  1. number of teeth
  2. size of teeth
  3. alterations in eruption
  4. attachment levels
  5. trauma – IMMEDIATE IMPACT
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23
Q

mandibular or maxillary fractures can break?

A

break the occlusal plane

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24
Q

condylar fracture can cause?

A

ankylosis or condyle loss

25
Q

if trauma occurs during growth - result?

A

an asymmetric growth can result

26
Q

systemic condition that causes defificent mandibualr growth

A

pierre robin syndrome

27
Q

deficient growth of cartilage caused by what ytemic?

A

achondroplasia

shows a midface deficiency

28
Q

midface deficiency is seen with

A

achondroplasia systemic condition

29
Q

main components of functional problems

A
  1. mastication
  2. swallowing
  3. breathing
  4. abnormal muscle activiteis - tongue poture
  5. habits - thumb sucking
  6. mandibular posture
  7. occlusal trauma
30
Q

soft diet implication

A

narrower arche

31
Q

biting force implication?

A

eruption – excessive OB or anterior open bite tendency of infraerupted posterior teeth – short clinical crowns

32
Q

when is tongue interpositoin normal

A

0-3 years old

33
Q

infantile swallowing pattern that stays persistent

A

after 6 years – can alter shape and size of dental arches

34
Q

tongue thrusting results

A

when swallow – it pushes forward every time patient swallows

open bite

tooth movement

diastemas

altered growth

35
Q

nasal breathing

A

contributes to middle face normal growth – neumatization of paranasal sinuses

36
Q

adenoid faces

decribe

A

narrow - long face

protruding teeth

lips separated at rest

dried lips

constricted maxilla

underdeveloped cheeckbones – may appear flat

signs of sleep apnea?

37
Q

mandibular posture on canine?

A

can cause pointy canines

38
Q

mandibular position shift?

A

shifts to the other side or forward to a more stable bite

39
Q

lateral mandibular shift ?

A

unilateral posterior crossbite

limits transverse growth of Upper arch

40
Q

what type of malocclusion is most often associated with mouth breathing?

A

open bite

41
Q

dental problems lleading to malocclusion

A 
1. number of teeth 
2, size of teeth
3. alterations in eruption
4. attachment levels
5. truama
42
Q

if congenitally missing in primary?

A

will be missing in permanent as well

43
Q

congentially missing teeth

A

3rd molars, 2nd pre molars, lateral incisors

44
Q

pre-mature exfoliation of c’s?

A

if primary first molars pre-maturly are lost – then can see a midline shift, space collapse for eruption of permanent and crowding

45
Q

anterior pre mature loss due to

A

size of erupting segments vs if posterior – more likely due to decay

46
Q

pre-mature loss of d’s or e’s

A

see an alteration in molar relation and crowding

lack of space for eruption of premolars or canines

alterations of occlusal plane

47
Q

most frequent teeth involved with ectopic eruption

A

upper first molars, upper cuspids, and lower seconf bicuspuds

48
Q

most common tooth impactions

A

3rd molars
upper canines
lower second molars

same as exctopic except 1st molar with etopics

49
Q

if tooth impacted - what do you do?

A

have to be extracted or surgically exposed too force the eruption with ortho devices

an impacted tooth can cause root resorption of the neighboring teeth or develop a cyst

do NOT leave them unattended

50
Q

large adenoid tissue masses?

A

create upper airway obstruction

51
Q

posture change?

A

hyper-extension – head tips back slightly

patient kay lower and prottrude tongue – mouth opening to breather

52
Q

low tongue position and protrusion implications?

A

wider lower arch

no transverse stimulus to U arch

53
Q

details on posture change

A

CLOCKWISE rotation and protrusion of mandible

increased lower facial height

persistent open mouth

supereruption of posterior teeth

skeletal open-bite — long face syndrome

54
Q

lip trap

A

proclines upper incisors and retroclines lower incisors

55
Q

lack of labial tone

A

proclined incisors

56
Q

cheek biting

A

decrease tranverse dimension in both arches

57
Q

implications of thumb sucking

A
  1. mouth opens slightly
  2. finger interposition between dental arches
  3. tongue is lowered
  4. cheek - tongue balance is altered, highest pressure in CORNERS of mouth
  5. annterior maxilla is pushed forward
  6. hand rests on lower archg
  7. varied patterns of position and duration
  8. sucking – NEGATIVE presure inside outh
58
Q

forward shift

A

anterior crossbite

pseudo class III 
skeletal class I*

limits sagital maxillary growth

if not corrected – skeletal class III

59
Q

implications of not correcting forward shift

A

skeletal class III

Ortho (19 decks)

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