Etiology Flashcards
congenitally missing teeth associated with
sytemic disease like ectodermal dysplasia
clinically implication of congenitally missing teeth
spacing problem
supernumerary teeth clinical implication
spacing – impacted or crowding
multiple supernumerary teeth associated with
congenital syndromes like cleidocranial dysplasia
implications of pre-mature loss of primary tooth
anterior segment - due to size of erupting permanent
usually affects primary canines
tendency for the space to close
incisor tend to drift distally
most common extra tooth
mesiodens
- found in midline upper centrals
clinical implication of premature exfoliation of c’s (like primary tooth c)
midlien shift, pace collapse for eruption of permanents and crowding
premature loss of d’s or e’s can cause what clinically
alteration of molar relation and crowding or lack of space for eruption of permanent pre-molar or canines
alterations of the occlusal plane
extraction of permanent teeth - when are changes seen
bigger changes are in the first 6 months post extraction
implication of loss of permanent teeth
clinically – occlusal plane is broken/ altered. space collapses, and abnormal tooth inclination
clinically small teeth lead to –>
large teeth? –>
small – large jaws – spacing
large teeth – smaller jaws – crowding
(ideally you want small teeth - with small jaws and vice versa)
bolton
discrepency
% accurate? why?
only 5% have the proprtional size of teeth
states the size of the upper teeth is not proportional to the size of the lower teeth (5% of population)
due to the size of the lateral incisor variation
clinical implication of bolton discrepency
spacing, crowding, or if aligned altered OJ
what can alter eruption
supernumerary teeth, sclerotic bone, heavy fibrou gingiva can obstruct
or mechanical interference
ectopic eruption - general
malposition of a tooth bud can lead to eruption in a wrong place
may be associated with trauma in primary dentition
also produced by lack of arch space
can produce root resorption of wrong primary
can lead to impaction
more frequency of ectopic eruption in which teeth
upper first molars, upper cuspids, and lower second bicupids
mot extreme ectopipc
transposition – teeth switched in position with the neighboring tooth
like pre molar in spot of canine
most frequent – cuspid and the bicuspid
ankylosis found in? radiographically looks?
frequently found in traumitized permanent teeth and in primary molars where the succedaneous tooth is congenitally missing
radiographically – loss of PDL space
attachment levels - general and implication
teeth are connected to the alveolar bone by the attachment apparatus
if there is loss of attachment teeth become mobile and start flaring
clinically — development of diastemas and increasesd OVERJET
frenal attachment can cause?
DIASTEMA - if thick fibrous LOW INSERTED – causing an anterior diestema
an anterior diestema can be caused by
frenal attachment inserted LOW
thick fibrous low inserted frenum can cause this
dental problems related to etiology
- number of teeth
- size of teeth
- alterations in eruption
- attachment levels
- trauma – IMMEDIATE IMPACT
mandibular or maxillary fractures can break?
break the occlusal plane
condylar fracture can cause?
ankylosis or condyle loss
if trauma occurs during growth - result?
an asymmetric growth can result
systemic condition that causes defificent mandibualr growth
pierre robin syndrome
deficient growth of cartilage caused by what ytemic?
achondroplasia
shows a midface deficiency
midface deficiency is seen with
achondroplasia systemic condition
main components of functional problems
- mastication
- swallowing
- breathing
- abnormal muscle activiteis - tongue poture
- habits - thumb sucking
- mandibular posture
- occlusal trauma
soft diet implication
narrower arche
biting force implication?
eruption – excessive OB or anterior open bite tendency of infraerupted posterior teeth – short clinical crowns
when is tongue interpositoin normal
0-3 years old
infantile swallowing pattern that stays persistent
after 6 years – can alter shape and size of dental arches
tongue thrusting results
when swallow – it pushes forward every time patient swallows
open bite
tooth movement
diastemas
altered growth
nasal breathing
contributes to middle face normal growth – neumatization of paranasal sinuses
adenoid faces
decribe
narrow - long face
protruding teeth
lips separated at rest
dried lips
constricted maxilla
underdeveloped cheeckbones – may appear flat
signs of sleep apnea?
mandibular posture on canine?
can cause pointy canines
mandibular position shift?
shifts to the other side or forward to a more stable bite
lateral mandibular shift ?
unilateral posterior crossbite
limits transverse growth of Upper arch
what type of malocclusion is most often associated with mouth breathing?
open bite
dental problems lleading to malocclusion
1. number of teeth 2, size of teeth 3. alterations in eruption 4. attachment levels 5. truama
if congenitally missing in primary?
will be missing in permanent as well
congentially missing teeth
3rd molars, 2nd pre molars, lateral incisors
pre-mature exfoliation of c’s?
if primary first molars pre-maturly are lost – then can see a midline shift, space collapse for eruption of permanent and crowding
anterior pre mature loss due to
size of erupting segments vs if posterior – more likely due to decay
pre-mature loss of d’s or e’s
see an alteration in molar relation and crowding
lack of space for eruption of premolars or canines
alterations of occlusal plane
most frequent teeth involved with ectopic eruption
upper first molars, upper cuspids, and lower seconf bicuspuds
most common tooth impactions
3rd molars
upper canines
lower second molars
same as exctopic except 1st molar with etopics
if tooth impacted - what do you do?
have to be extracted or surgically exposed too force the eruption with ortho devices
an impacted tooth can cause root resorption of the neighboring teeth or develop a cyst
do NOT leave them unattended
large adenoid tissue masses?
create upper airway obstruction
posture change?
hyper-extension – head tips back slightly
patient kay lower and prottrude tongue – mouth opening to breather
low tongue position and protrusion implications?
wider lower arch
no transverse stimulus to U arch
details on posture change
CLOCKWISE rotation and protrusion of mandible
increased lower facial height
persistent open mouth
supereruption of posterior teeth
skeletal open-bite — long face syndrome
lip trap
proclines upper incisors and retroclines lower incisors
lack of labial tone
proclined incisors
cheek biting
decrease tranverse dimension in both arches
implications of thumb sucking
- mouth opens slightly
- finger interposition between dental arches
- tongue is lowered
- cheek - tongue balance is altered, highest pressure in CORNERS of mouth
- annterior maxilla is pushed forward
- hand rests on lower archg
- varied patterns of position and duration
- sucking – NEGATIVE presure inside outh
forward shift
anterior crossbite
pseudo class III skeletal class I*
limits sagital maxillary growth
if not corrected – skeletal class III
implications of not correcting forward shift
skeletal class III
