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Ortho > Arch Development and Space > Flashcards

Arch Development and Space Flashcards

1
Q

dental age

A

age equivalence

- based on the # of teeth

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2
Q

chronological age

A

age of years from birth

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3
Q

normal vs ideal

A

normal does not mean ideal

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4
Q

ideal means

A

a condition that is scientifically “best” but makes no assumptions on its prevelance ina group

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5
Q

factors effecting development

A

genetics – calcification erupton

nutrition – like malnutrition can affect the size, proportion, quality and texture of the teeth

chronic ilness - major illness can affect the tooth devlopment

race –

socioeconmic

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6
Q

pre-natal development

A

within fetus - ectomesenchymal reaction

all 20 primary teeth begin calcification during the pre-natal period

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7
Q

central primary calcification begins

A

14 week in utero

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8
Q

lateral primary calcification begins

A

16 week in utero

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9
Q

canine primary calcification begins

A

17 week in utero

implication – like if something happened at 17 weeks could notice in the canine of the child

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10
Q

1st molar primary calcification begins

A

15 week in utero

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11
Q

2nd molar primary calcification begins

A

19 week in utero

18 week in utero for mandibular

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12
Q

natal teeth

A

occasionally at birth – but usually doesnt begin to erupt until at least 6 month of age

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13
Q

range of noraml eruption

A

usually within 6 months back and forth

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14
Q

eruption sequence vs timing

A

sequence – usually same but the time could be different for people

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15
Q

1/2 2/3 of root formaitno

A

will likely come into the cavity or be able to with help

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16
Q

primate spaces

A

mandibular between canines and first molars

maxillary - between lateral and canines

generalized spacing in the primary dentition is a requirement for proper alignment

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17
Q

crown completion, eruption and root completino for max and mand central primary

A

max
1.5 month
10 month
1.5 yhears

mand
2.5 month
8 month
1.5 year

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18
Q

crown completion, eruption and root completino for max and mand primary lateral

A

2.5 month
11 months
2 year

3 month
13 month
1/5 year

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19
Q

crown completion, eruption and root completino for max and mand primary canine

A

9 month
19 month
3.25 years

9month
20 month
3.25 year

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20
Q

crown completion, eruption and root completino for max and mand primary 1st molar

A

6 month
16 month
2.5 year

5/5 month
16 month
2.25 year

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21
Q

crown completion, eruption and root completino for max and mand primary 2nd molar

A

11 month
29 month
3 year

10 month
27 month
3 year

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22
Q

neonatal ring

A

around primary teeth - noting the clacification difference when born

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23
Q

a-b-d-c-e

A

sequence

incirosr first

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24
Q

pre-emergent eruption of permanent teeth

A

as the crown is being formed there is a smalllabial drift of the follicle within the bone, not attributed to eruption forces

eruptive forces bein soon after the root begins to form

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25
Q

two forces in eruption - like for it to occur

A
  1. resorption of bone and primary tooth roots

2. eruption of the permanent tooth in the path that has been cleared

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26
Q

root forms in what direction

A

apically - pushes down while crown moves up and pushes the primary root up

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27
Q

permanent teeth relationship to primary

A

lingual to primary

like cnetral incisor is lingual to A and lateral incisor lingual to central

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28
Q

pot emergent eruption phase when

A

instance of first gingival penetration until the tooth reaches the occlusal level

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29
Q

speed of pre and post

A

post is much faster –

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30
Q

post-emergent spurt

A

starts frominstance of first gingival penetration until the tooth reaches the occlusal level

once the OCCLUSAL PLANE is reached

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31
Q

juvenile occlusal equilibrium

A

after the spurt – slow eruption phase – equals the vertical growth rate of the ramus in a normally growing adult

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32
Q

adult occlusal equilibrium phase

A

after all facial growth is complete – this phase remains active throughout life

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33
Q

at night?

A

spurts of micro movement in teeth

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34
Q

jevenile occlusal equilibrium is achieved by

A

eruptive forces pushing coronally and occlusal forces pushing apically

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35
Q

calcification of 1st molar

A

32 week in utero

everything else after birth

36
Q

calcification of 3rd molar

A

8 - max
9- mand

in years

37
Q

general rule if tooth is ready to erupt - or will

A

1/2 to 2/3 - ready to start erupting

then 2-3 years later will start to erupt

38
Q

clinical emergence of permanent teeth occurs

A

when 2/3 to 3/4 roots are developed

39
Q

most common sequence of erruption develops into a ___

A

class I occlusion with 90.6%

40
Q

canine eruption in permanent? general

A

after bicuspids in maxillary

before bicuspids in mandibular

41
Q

mixed dentition starts? ends?

A

when eruption of the 1st permanent tooth (mandibular 1st molar) erupts distal to primary second molar

ends
- when the loss of the last deciduous tooth occurs
usually maxillary deciduos canines

42
Q

non succedaneous teeth

A

1st 2nd and 3rd molars

remember that each quadrant 5 permanent teeth (2 incisors, canine, and 2 pre-molars replalce five primary teeth)

43
Q

dental age 5

A

eruption tendencies of permanent incisors and the first molars

all primary teeth in and developed

eruption tendencies in incisors

44
Q

dental age 6

A

eruption of mandibular 1st molar

max first molar

mandibular central incisor

45
Q

dental age 7

A

eruption of max central incisor and mandibulr lateral incisor

46
Q

dental age 8

A

eruption of max lateral incisor

delay of 2-3 years before any further teeth erupt

47
Q

dental age 9-10

A

root development of canines and premolars and resorption of the primary roots
*important time for x-rays

48
Q

dental ages 9-11

A

range

permanent canines start to point down mesially towards lateral incisor apical area

Temporary incisor spacing and distal tipping –> ugly duckling stage

usually as it peaks in into the later roots – pears to be flared out
- this is normal

49
Q

“ugly duckling stage”

A

ages 9-11

corresponding to temporary incisor spacing and distal tipping

50
Q

dental age 11

A

eruption of mandibular canine

mandibular 1st pre-molars

maxillary 1st premolars

51
Q

dental age 12

A

should see max and mand second pre molar

maxillary canine

2nd molars

52
Q

max or mandibular canine first?

A

mandibular (age 11 ish usually)

53
Q

dental age 13-15

A

roots of all permanent teeth complete except the 3rd molars

crown formation of the 3rd molars

54
Q

AGE WITH primary teeth WITH ADDITION OF FIRST MOLARS, central incisors and lateral incisors

A

8 year old

55
Q

picture of mandible with permanent 4 incisors and first molars and one of the permanent canines

A

10 years old around

56
Q

example with all permanent with 1st molars, incisors, pre molars ad one maxillary canine

A

no primary teeth left

11-12

57
Q

example of mandibular arch with second molars (e) still in place
- have first pre-molars and canine-canine erupting

see NO second premolar

A

10 1/2 - 11

58
Q

if max second molars are there - what age should we think?

A

12 years old

59
Q

three relationships of molars in PRIMARY teeth

A
  1. distal step - where maxillary upper is positioned mesial to the lower molar

flush terminal plane – max and mand distal planes are in line

mesial step - when the maxillary molar is distal to the mandibular molar creating a mesial step

step is in relation to the mandibular primary

60
Q

class II usually from

A

distal step

61
Q

growth in relaiton to the primary dentition molar classificatin

A 
DISTAL STEP
if growth is little --> class II and with forward growth will go to end to end 
FLUSH TERMINAL PLANE 
- little growth -- end to end - forward growth of mandible --> class I 
MESIAL STEP 
- little growth -- class I

forward growth of mandible Class III

62
Q

normally mesial step will form>

A

class I

63
Q

percentage of primary dentiont that ends as class I, II, III, end to end?

A

I- 55%

II- 19%

III- 1%

end to end – 25%

64
Q

important

MESIAL STEP very exxageratted together with spacing and drifting and mesial growth horizontal of mandible

A

class III

65
Q

distal step always

A

class II

66
Q

exaggerated mesial step

A

class III

67
Q

flush plane is ..

A

very variable

68
Q

maxillary arch dimensional change in canine

A

5 mm increase - BIcanine

gets wider - grow more bucally

69
Q

maxillary arch width dimensional change in molar?

A

4 mm increase

more change seen in the canine - canine span

70
Q

maxillary arch length ?

A

DECREASES SLIGHTLY

mesail of first molar or distal of primary second molar to buccal of centrals

primary molars are wider than the permanent pre-molars

transverse line

71
Q

maxillary arch circumferential change?

A

1 mm increase

72
Q

mandibular atch width dimensional change

A

bicanine 3mm increase

bimolar 2mm increase

73
Q

mandibular arch length dimenional change

A

1 mm decrease

maxillary see a slight decrease as well

74
Q

mandibular arch circumference change?

A

yes
DECREASE IN 4MM

VS MAXILLARY IS 1 MM INCREASE

75
Q

LEEWAY SPACE / E SPACE

A

MESIO-DISTAL width of primary canine, first molar, and second molar

compared to the M-D width of permanent canine, 1st and 2nd pre-molars

76
Q

leeway space on maxilla and mandible?

A

max = 1.2 mm

mandible = 3.1 mm

77
Q

implication of leeway space in adequate

A

crowding – the most common feature of malocclusion

78
Q

prevent need of future extractions?

A

diagnose and early treat crowding

-

79
Q

space required

A

the actaual measurement of each permanent tooth material between the first permanent molars

measure each tooth with calibrater - M-D width of each tooth in front of first molars

80
Q

space avaialbel

A

measured arch perimeter mesial to the first permanent molars

81
Q

discrepency between space avaialble and space required results?

A

in either spacing or crowding

space avaialbel - space required

82
Q

determine space available/ required with not all permanent teeth in?

A

Hixon -Oldfather technique

83
Q

Hixon -Oldfather technique

A
  1. measure premolar widths from x-ray of same side
    (like the erupting ones)
  2. measure incisors (centrals and laterals) on SAME SIDE
  3. ADD THOSE
  4. REFER TO A TABLE - PREDICTION CHART
  5. final step –> measure actual space available from distal of lateral incisor to mesial of first molar and compare to prediction

GET THE PREDICTED VALUE OF COMBINED PERMANENT CANINE AND PRE-MOLAR WIDTH

84
Q

Hixon -Oldfather technique

A

GET THE PREDICTED VALUE OF COMBINED PERMANENT CANINE AND PRE-MOLAR WIDTH

from pre-molar on -ray and measuring the central and later M-D and adding

85
Q

arch length discrepancy

A

space available - space required = arch length discrepancy

86
Q

negative value from equation of space analysis vs +

A

negative = crowding

positive = spacing

Ortho (19 decks)

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