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Keeling Summer Textbook > Etiology 2. Local Factors / Dental Plaque and Calculus > Flashcards

Etiology 2. Local Factors / Dental Plaque and Calculus Flashcards

1
Q

What is the sphere of influence

A

The area of bacterial influence
0.07 - 2.5 mm
Average 1.6

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2
Q

What is the glycocalyx

A

Matrix made in biofilm by micro-organism

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3
Q

Why are biofilms protective

A
  1. Barrier function
  2. Degrade Enzymes
  3. Repel negative charged agents
  4. Inhibit leukocyte phagocytosis
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4
Q

How do bacteria communicate

A
  1. Quorum Sensing: Changes gene expression

2. Autoinduction: Signal molecules

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5
Q

What are the 4 phases of bacterial growth

A
  1. Adherence - Glycoproteins deposited forms pellicle. Neg charge hydroxy attaches glycoprotein
  2. Lag - Plaktonic to sessile, Phenotype change, Lag in growth changes gene expression
  3. Rapid Growth - Dextrans and Levins laid down.
    Co-Aggregate: Clump together in suspension
    Co-Adhesion: Bacteria in saliva bind to bacteria in substrate
  4. Steady State: In biofilm, Negligible 02, internat nutrient transfer, slow growth, Genes Shared, micorbes change as go deeper
    - All Ladies Rightly Stare
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6
Q

How is subgingival plaque different from supragingival

A

Supra: Glycoproteins from saliva
Sub: Glycoproteins from GCF

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7
Q

What bacteria made epithelial cells

A

Spirochetes

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8
Q

What are the zones in ANUG

A
  1. Bacterial
  2. Neutrophil
  3. Necrosis
  4. Spirochete
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9
Q

What is the association between calculus and perio disease

A

Viable bacteria present on calculus

BUT Sri Lankan tea study proves calculus alone not cause disease

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10
Q

What are the mechanism of calculus development

A

Epitactic: Crystal seeding in matrix that enlarge
Booster: Increase pH cause precipitaion of calcium and phosphate

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11
Q

What are the 4 types of calculus

A
  1. Brushite
  2. Octacalcium Phosphate
  3. Magnesium Whitelocke
  4. Hydroxyapatie
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12
Q

How does calculus attach to cementum

A
  1. To cuticle
  2. Micro irregularities in surface
  3. Undercut in cementum
  4. Bacteria penetrate into cementum
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13
Q

What is the composition of calculus

A

Organic: Protein, Polysacch complex, Desquam Epi, Micro organism

Inorganic: Calcium Phos 75%, Calc Carbonate 3%, Magnesium phosphate

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14
Q

What is the prevalence of calculus

A

91% of population have supragingival

55% have subgingival calculus

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15
Q

What are the predisposing factors to periodontal disease

A
  1. Iatrogenic
  2. Margins
  3. Malocclusion
  4. Material
  5. Piercing
  6. Smoking
  7. 3rd Molar
  8. Radiation
  9. Xerostomia
  10. Anatomy
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16
Q

What causes cervical enamel projections

A

Amelogenesis does not stop before root development

17
Q

What are the grades of CEP

A
  1. Points to furcation
  2. Approaches furcation
  3. Into furcation
18
Q

What is the prevalence of CEP

A

28% - Man molars mostly

19
Q

Prevalence of bifurcation ridge

A

70%
Run M/D
Man 1st molar most common

20
Q

What is the attachment area of molars

A

Max: 30%, 20,20,20 per root Trunk, MD,P,DB
Man: 30,40,30 Root, M, D

21
Q

Average distance of inter root separation

A

4-5 M/D

Wider the distance regen is harder

22
Q

What is the effect of an overhanging restoration

A

Increase the sphere of influence

23
Q

What is the average Bio Width

A

JE: 0.97 mm
CT: 1.07 mm
Total 2.04 mm

24
Q

What is the average Bio Width

A

JE: 0.97 mm
CT: 1.07 mm
Total 2.04 mm

25
Q

Root trunk length Max Molars

A

4 mm Max

26
Q

Root trunk length Man Molars

A

3 mm Man

27
Q

What is the size of furcation entrances

A

81% below 1 mm

58% below 0.75 mm

28
Q

rate of root fusions

A

23% of the time

More common in females

29
Q

What is material alba

A

Amorphous material of plaque and food debris

30
Q

Why can’t biofilms be washed away

A

Glycocalyx high molecular weight particles that aren’t readily dissolved

31
Q

Do bacteria need to be present for calculus to form

A

No - Glas and Gustafsson

32
Q

When do you suspect a cemental tear

A

Isolated rapid bone loss

Keeling Summer Textbook (11 decks)

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