Etiology Flashcards
Can you cure periodontal disease?
No- you can treat it and reduce its chance of progression but not cure it
Periodontal pathogenesis involve:
- environmental factors
- host factors
- microbial factors
Regarding periodontal pathogenesis, smoking would be considered:
an environmental factor
Regarding periodontal pathogenesis, immune system/immune factors would be considered:
Host factors
Regarding periodontal pathogenesis, plaque/biofilm would be considered:
microbial factors
When overgrowth of gram positive bacteria in susceptible individuals leads to gingival inflammation:
gingivitis
Gingivitis is a reaction limited to:
soft tissue area
The gingival inflammation ini gingivitis alters:
subgingival microenvironment
What occurs in patients with gingivitis when the gingival inflammation alters the subgingival microenvironment?
Overgrowth of “perriodontal pathogens” in the biofilm which may stay at gingivitis or progress to periodontitis
When plaque causes a host immune and inflammatory reactions together with genetic predisposition and environmental influences are able to “contain” infection:
gingivitis
When plaque causes a host immune and inflammatory reactions together with genetic predispositions and environmental influences unable to “contain” infection:
periodontitis
If gingivitis progresses to causing attachment loss or bone loss it is considered:
periodontitis
If you are unable to see if there is plaque or not, what should you do?
have patient use disclosing agent
The structurally and functionally organized, species-rich microbial biofilms that form on teeth:
Dental plaque
Main etiologic agent for periodontal disease and dental caries:
dental plaque
Dental plaque is the man etiologic agent for:
- periodontal disease
- dental caries
- White cheeselike accumulation
- a soft accumulation of salivary proteins, bacteria, desquamate epithelial cells, and food
- No organized structure
- easily displaced with a water spray:
Materia alba
What components comprise materia alba?
accumulation of
1. salivary proteins
2. bacteria
3. desquamated
4. epithelial cells
5. food debris
Describe the structural makeup of material alba:
NOT organized
Describe the removal or materia alba:
easily displaced with a water spray
- Resilient clear to yellow-grayish substance
- primarily composed of bacteria in a matrix of salivary glycoproteins and bacterial products
- considered to be a biofilm
- impossible to remove by rinsing and spraying
dental plaque
What components comprise dental plaque?
bacteria in a matrix of salivary glycoproteins and bacterial products
Describe the structural makeup of dental plaque:
a biofilm
Describe the removal of dental plaque:
impossible to remove by rinsing or spraying- requires mechanical removal
- mineralized dental plaque forms the hard deposit
- generally covered by a layer of unmineralized dental plaque
calculus
Describe the structural makeup of calculus:
mineralized
Composition of dental plaque:
- water
- microorganisms
- intracellular matrix
What percentage of dental plaque is comprised of water?
70%
What makes up the “dry weight” of dental plaque?
microorganisms & intracellular matrix
What makes up the ORGANIC component of intracellular matrix?
- polysaccharides
- proteins
- glycoproteins
- lipids
What makes up the INORGANIC component of dental plaque?
- Calcium
- Phosphorus
(main components) - other minerals
- sodium
- potassium
- fluoride
What are the main two components that make up the inorganic portion of dental plaque?
calcium & phosphorus
___ grams of dental plaque contain approximately 10^11 bacteria (and the human body has approximately 10^12 bacteria)
1 gram
More than ___ distance microbial species can be identified in dental plaque with highly sensitive molecular techniques
500
What is dental plaque?
a- it is a non organized structure with soft accumulation of salivary proteins, bacteria, desquamated epithelial cells, and food debris
b- it is the structurally and functionally organized, species-rich microbial biofilm that form on teeth
c- it is the hard deposit on teeth surface with can be formed by the mineralization of the matrix of salivary glycoproteins and bacterial products
d- it is the ornamental tablet in commemoration of the contribution of dentistry
B
Sites of plaque accumulation in the oral cavity include: (4)
- gingival thirds
- cracks, pits, fissures
- under overhanging restorations
- around maligned teeth
Why does plaque accumulate in:
- gingival thirds
- cracks, pits, fissures
- under overhanging restorations
- around maligned teeth
because these areas are harder to keep Clea with brushing and flossing
Dental plaque classification is based on:
position on the tooth surface (toward the gingival margin)
What are the three classifications (based on location) of dental plaque?
- supragingival plaque
- marginal plaque
- subgingibal plaque
Describe subgingival plaque: (3)
- tooth attached plaque
- unattached plaque
- epithelial associated plaque
How may unattached plaque be removed?
by brushing
What type of bacteria make up supra gingival plaque?
gram + cocci and short rods
What is the oxygen requirement for supra gingival plaque (bacteria comprising = gram + cocci and short rods)?
aerobic environment
Describe the diversity of the bacteria comprising supra gingival plaque:
Slight diversity
What type of bacteria comprise subgingival plaque?
gram - rods and sprirochete
What is the oxygen requirement for subgingival plaque (bacteria comprising = gram - rods and spirochetes)?
anaerobic environment
Describe the diversity of the bacteria comprising subgingival plaque:
greater diversity
Type of plaque associated with calculus formation & root caries:
supragingival plaque
Type of plaque that is in direct contact with the gingival margin and associated with the initiation and development of gingivitis:
marginal plaque
Type of plaque that is associated with tissue destruction:
subgingival plaque
(made of spirochetes that can swim from subgingival space and into the tissue)
Steps involved in the formation of dental plaque (3):
- formation of the pellicle
- initial colonization of bacteria
- secondary colonization and plaque maturation
What type of attachment is seen with formation of the pellicle (Step 1) in dental plaque formation?
reversible attachment