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MED208 Histopathology > Etiology > Flashcards

Etiology Flashcards

1
Q

Non-irritating, colorless, and odorless gas that is present in cigarette smoke

A

Carbon Monoxide (CO)

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2
Q

Enumerate the 4 heavy metals

A

Lead
Mercury
Arsenic
Cadmium

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3
Q

King of Poison

A

Arsenic

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4
Q

Carcinogens found in tobacco

A

Tar
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Benzopyrene
Nitrosamine

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5
Q

Compounds found in cigarette smoke

A

> 7000 Soot

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6
Q

metabolite of nicotine

A

Cotinine

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7
Q

measure of passive smoking

A

Cotinine

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8
Q

Head is relatively larger than the body

A

Marasmus

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9
Q

Skin manifestation of Kwashiorkor

A

Alternating zone of hyperpigmentation, desquamation, and hypopigmentation

“flaky appearance”

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10
Q

Hair manifestation of Kwashiorkor

A

Overall loss of color or alternating bands of pale and darker hair

“flag sign”

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11
Q

Self-induce starvation that causes weight loss

A

Anorexia Nervosa

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12
Q

Binge-eating that leads to vomiting or purging

A

Bulimia Nervosa

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13
Q

Fat-soluble vitamins

A

Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Vitamin E
Vitamin K

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14
Q

Factors that are Vit. K dependent

A

Factor X
Factor IX
Factor VII
Factor II

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15
Q

Deficiency in Vit. K will lead to

A

Bleeding disorder/Coagulation disorders

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16
Q

Summary of Hemostasis

A

Vasoconstriction of blood vessels
Primary hemostasis
Formation of plate plug
Secondary hemostasis
Thrombosis

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17
Q

Death is defined by

A

Organ Donor of 1991

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18
Q

also known as Particulate matter

A

soot

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19
Q

toxic form of carbon tetrachloride

A

CCL3

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20
Q

when lead is accumulated in the blood it will lead to basophilic stippling. meanwhile, when accumulated in kidney leads to saturine gout.
a. 1st statement is true
b. 2nd statement is true
c. both are true
d. both are false

A

c

21
Q

which of the following are the manifestations of Minamata disease?
1. cerebral palsy
2. lung cancer
3. blindness
4. mental retardation

a. 1,2,3
b. 1,3,4
c.1,2,4
d. all of the above

A

b

22
Q

arsenic is known as the king of poison. it can cause lung, bladder, and skin cancer.
a. 1st statement is true
b. 2nd statement is true
c. both are true
d. both are false

A

c

23
Q

all of the following are the causes of microcytic anemia except;
1. SICKLE CELL
2. Iron Deficiency anemia
3. thalassemia
4. chronic anemia

a. 1,2,3
b. 1,3,4
c.1,2,4
d. all of the above

A

d

24
Q

cadmium causes _________ disease that is originated in Japan. most common in agriculturist.

A

itai itai

25
Q

which of the following is incorrectly paired?
1. Vit B1 - beri beri
2. Vit B2 - stomatitis
3. ViT B3 - pellagra
4. VIT b4 - macrocytic anemia
5. vit c - scurvy

a. 1,2,3
b. 1,3,4
c.1,2,4
d. 1245
e. only 4
f. NOTA

A

f

26
Q

true or false:
pellagra is seen in px with dermatitis, dementia
and diarrhea.

A

true

27
Q

accumulation of adipose tissue into trunk and abdominal cavity

A

obesity

28
Q

true or false:
central obesity leads to stomach bloating

A

true

29
Q

TAG increase in patients with increase risk of CVD. while good cholesterol is remain normal
a. 1st statement is true
b. 2nd statement is true
c. both are true
d. both are false

A

a. bcs HDL is decreased

30
Q

measles are caused by all of the following except:
1. rubella
2. rubeola
3. roseola

a. 1 only
b. 2 only
c. 1 and 2
d. 3 only

A

d

31
Q

morphologic hallmark of measles

A

koplik spots

32
Q

true or false
dengue is caused by flavivirus

A

true

33
Q

roseola is also known as?

A

exanthem subitum

34
Q

SARS-COV 2 is caused by corona virus. it attaches to the ACE receptor of the lung causing diffuse alveolar damage.
a. 1st statement is true
b. 2nd statement is true
c. both are true
d. both are false

A

a. dapat ACE 2 receptor

35
Q

when infected with this virus. dew drop on a rose petal is often the morphologic hallmark.

A

VZV (varicella zoster virus)

36
Q

also known as honeymoon cystitis

A

S. saprophyticus

37
Q

skin rash + pharyngitis =

A

scarlet fever

38
Q

which of the following is incorrectly match in staging of syphilis?
1. primary - non painful chancre
2. secondary - condylomata lata
3. tertiary - gummas

a. 1 only
b. 2 only
c. 3 only
d. NOTA

A

d

39
Q

gold standard for plasmodium

A

thick and thin blood smear

40
Q

p. falciparum cause black water fever: affecting the liver

a. 1st statement is true
b. 2nd statement is true
c. both are true
d. both are false

A

a. it affects the kidneys

41
Q

which of the following is/are true regarding edema
1. decrease hydrostatic pressure
2. decrease oncotic pressure

a. 1
b. 2
c. either 1 and 2
d. neither

A

c.

42
Q

all of the following are important factor on hemostasis except:

  1. platelets
  2. coagulation factors
  3. endothelium
    4.blood

a. 1,2,3
b. 1
c. 2, 3
d. 4
e. NOTA

A

d

43
Q

which of the following is true regarding virchows triad
1. endothelial injury
2. hypercoagulation
3. abnormal blood flow

a. 1, 2
b. 1,3
c 2,3
d. AOTA

A

d

44
Q

parasite that targets liver and bladder

A

Schistosoma japonicum

45
Q

most reliable and widely used technique for demonstrating pinworm eggs (Enterobius vermicularis)

A

scotch tape method

46
Q

most important parasite in human

A

Plasmodium

47
Q

all of the following are RNA viruse except:
1. adenovirus
2. parvovirus
3. polyomavirus
4. paramyxovirus
5. HSV
6. hepadnaviridae

a. 4,5
b. 4,5,6
c,4,6
d. 5
e. 6
f.4
g. 12356

A

g

48
Q

most toxigenic compound in ozone

A

hydroxyl ion

MED208 Histopathology (5 decks)

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