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MIDTERM-JULS-2ND-1STSEM > ETIC- UTILARIANISM > Flashcards

ETIC- UTILARIANISM Flashcards

1
Q

ETHICAL THEORIES

A

UTILITARIANISM
NATURAL LAW
DEONTOLOGY
VIRTUE ETHICS

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2
Q

is an ethical theory that argues for the goodness of pleasure and the determination of right behavior based on the usefulness or consequences. of an action.

A

Utilitarianism

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3
Q

I’m a Utilitarian, so I don’t see the rule against lying as absolute; it’s always subject to some overriding utility which may prevent its exercise.

A

Peter Singer

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4
Q

The 2 Foremost Utilitarian Thinkers

A
  1. Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832)
  2. John Stuart Mill (1806- 1873)
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4
Q

Jeremy Bentham

A

(1748-1832)

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5
Q

John Stuart Mill

A

(1806- 1873)

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6
Q

Noted British philosopher & social reformer ________ was born on _________

A

Jeremy Bentham
Feb 15, 1748

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7
Q

Jermy Bentham is most famous on proposing

A

the doctrine of Utilitarianism

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8
Q

the doctrine of Jermy Bentham is based on the idea that

A

pleasyre & pain are the motivation for all human action

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9
Q

Jermy Bentham clarified it as the guiding principle of conduct in his first major work

A

Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation (1789)

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10
Q

he spent a large part of his life advocation legal reforms

A

Jeremy Bentham

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11
Q

Jeremy Bentham also influenced political reform in England through

A

**Reform Bill of 1832 ** & the introduction of the secret ballot

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12
Q

Hedonistic - Utilitarianism

The principle of utility is about our subjection to these sovereign masters: pleasure and pain.

A

Jeremy Bentham
happiness with pleasure

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13
Q

pleasure can be ‘scientifically’ calculated according to the following 7 criteria of the

A

Bentham’s Felicific Calculus

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14
Q

Bentham’s Felicific Calculus

How long will it last?

A

Duration

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15
Q

Bentham’s Felicific Calculus

How intense is it?

A

Intensity

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16
Q

Bentham’s Felicific Calculus

How near or remote?

A

Propinquity

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17
Q

Bentham’s Felicific Calculus

How widely it covers?

A

Extent

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18
Q

Bentham’s Felicific Calculus

How probable is it?

A

Certainty

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19
Q

Bentham’s Felicific Calculus

How free from pain is it?

A

Purity

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20
Q

Bentham’s Felicific Calculus

Lead to further pleasure?

A

Fecundity

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21
Q

Bentham’s Felicific Calculus

A

DURATION
INTENSITY
PROPINQUITY
EXTENT
CERTAINTY
PURITY
FECUNDITY

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22
Q

Bentham’s godson

A

John Stuart Mill
(1806-1873)

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23
Q

Believed that happincess, not pleasure, should be the standard of utility

A

John Stuart Mill
(1806-1873)

24
Q

Pleasure is not the same as happiness

A

John Stuart Mill
(1806-1873)

25
Q

there are two main differences between pleasure and happiness

Pleasure
I
I
I

A

Gratification

26
Q

there are two main differences between pleasure and happiness

Happiness
I
I
I

A

Satisfaction

27
Q

there are two main differences between pleasure and happiness

Pursued as an end in its own right

A

Pleasure

28
Q

there are two main differences between pleasure and happiness

an indirect by-product of another activity

A

Happiness

29
Q

Qualitative Utilitarianism

A

John Stuart Mill
1806-1873

30
Q

____rejected bentham’s use of the ______

A

John Stuart Mill
1806-1873
Hendonic Calculus

31
Q

In his view some pleasures are of a higher quality than others

A

John Stuart Mill
1806-1873

32
Q

intellectual

A

higher pleasure

33
Q

but pleasure of the body are lower pleasures

A

appetite

34
Q

argues that we must consider the quality of the happiness, not merely the quantity

for example, some might find happiness with a pitcher of beer and a pizza. others may find happiness watching a fine shakespearean play. the quality of happiness is greater with the latter.

A

John Stuart Mill’s Adjustments to Utilitarianism

35
Q

For ________, utilitarianism cannot promote the kind of pleasures appropriate to pigs or to any other animals.

A

John Stuart Mill

36
Q

For ________, crude bestial pleasures, which are appropriate for animals, are degrading to us because we are by nature not easily satisfied by pleasures only for pigs.

A

John Stuart Mill

37
Q

are qualitatively different from animal pleasures.

A

Human pleasures

38
Q

Contrary to ________ ,________ argues that **quality is more preferable than quantity. **

A

Bentham, Mill

39
Q

An excessive quantity of what is otherwise pleasurable might result in pain.

A

Mill

40
Q

He asks whether a human person would prefer to accept the highly pleasurable life of an animal while at the same time being denied of everything that makes him a person.

A

Mill

41
Q

It is better to be a human being dissatisfied than a pig satisfied;
better to be Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied.

A

true

42
Q

Therefore, it is necessary for us to consider everyone’s happiness, including our own, as the standard by which to evaluate what is moral.

A

true

43
Q

is interested with everyone’s happiness, in fact,
the greatest happiness of the greatest number.

A

Utilitarianism

44
Q

If we are the only ones satisfied by our actions, it does not constitute a moral good.

A

true

45
Q

is not dismissive of sacrifices that procure more happiness for others.

A

Utilitarianism

46
Q

in the golden rule of jesus of nazareth, we read the complete spirit of the ethics of utility. to do as one would be done by, and to love one’s neighbour as oneself, constitute the ideal perfectiion of utilitarian morality.

A

John Stuart Mill

47
Q

exemplifies the concept of the greatest good for the greatest number.

A

Black Widow

48
Q

If actions are based only on the greatest happiness of the greatest number,
Is it justifiable to let go of some rights for the sake of the benefit of the majority?

A
49
Q

When legal rights are not morally justified
in accordance to the greatest happiness principle,

A

then these rights need neither be observed, nor be respected.

50
Q

when a law is unjust, it is only right to disobey.

A

ghandi

51
Q

seems to be suggesting that it is morally permissible to not follow, even violate, an unjust law.

A

Mill

The implication is that those protest over political policies of a morally objectionable government act in a morally obligatory way.

52
Q

“one who breaks an unjust law must do so openly, lovingly, and with a willingness to accept the penalty.

A

Martin Luther King, Jr.
(letter from a birmingham jail)

53
Q

thinks that it is commendable to endure legal punishments for acts of civil disobedience for the sake of promoting a higher moral good.

A

Mill

54
Q

some moral rights can be overridden

for the sake of the greater general happiness.

A

Mill

55
Q

is a particular form of Electronic Surveillance that monitors telephonic and telegraphic communication.

A

Wiretapping

56
Q

exposed a mass surveillance program in the United States

A

Edward Snowden

57
Q

We say ________because this merely constitutes a thought experiment and need not be actualized.

A

“theoretically”

58
Q

moral rights and considerations of justice are not absolute, but are only justified by their consequences to promote the greatest good of the greatest number.

A

Mill

MIDTERM-JULS-2ND-1STSEM (3 decks)

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