ETIC Practice 2

Question 1

According to John Stuart Mill, utilitarianism cannot lead to selfish acts because this concept pertains to neither pleasure nor happiness alone. If we are the only ones satisfied by our actions, it does not constitute a moral good.

Answer 1

Both statements are true.

Question 2

Based on Aristotle, a morally virtuous person is concerned with achieving her appropriate action in a manner that is either excessive or deficient. In other words, there is no middle or intermediary point in between extremes.

Answer 2

Both statements are false

Question 3

“Act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time that it should become a universal law”—is a purely formal or logical statement that expresses the condition of the ____________________rather than its morality.

Answer 3

Rationality of the conduct

Question 4

Utilitarianism is ______________. Therefore, the moral value of actions and decisions is based solely or greatly on the usefulness of their effect or outcomes

Answer 4

consequentialist

Question 5

_________________theories judge the morality of choices by criteria different from the states of affairs those choices bring about.

Answer 5

deontological

Question 6

Just like Bentham, John Stuart Mill is an _________ because he believes that policy should be based on our experiences of pleasure and pain, not tradition.

Answer 6

empiricist

Question 7

The dictum ‘The unexamined life is not worth living” can be found in:

Answer 7

Plato’s Apology

Question 8

Moral virtues can be acquired through practice and experience. They do not have to do with the appropriate management of emotions.

Answer 8

The first statement is true; the second statement is false.

Question 9

It is an excellence in knowing the right conduct in carrying out a particular act. One can attain a wisdom that can provide us with a guide on how to behave in our daily lives.

Answer 9

Practical Wisdom

Question 10

For _________, even if a person has the right characteristics and is inclined by nature to do the right thing, that person still has a choice either to follow commands of reason or not.

Answer 10

Aquinas

Question 11

It is roughly the study of purposiveness, or the study of objects with a view to their aims, purposes, and intentions.

Answer 11

Teleology

Question 12

Moral faculties concern the ____________ while intellectual faculties concern the act of knowing.

Answer 12

act of doing

Question 13

For Mill, eating, drinking, and sexuality are examples of _______________

Answer 13

lower pleasures

Question 14

The Greek term _________ refers to what we might call a purpose, goal, end, fulfillment, or true final function of an object.

Answer 14

Telos

Question 15

It deals with attaining knowledge about the fundamental principles and truths that govern the universe.

Answer 15

Philosophic Wisdom

Question 16

It is also known as Rule-based Ethics.

Answer 16

Deontology

Question 17

Deontology comes from the Greek word deon, meaning _______

Answer 17

duty

Question 18

It refers to all instances wherein human being construct and enforce laws in their community.

Answer 18

Human Law

Question 19

It is also known as Results-based Ethics

Answer 19

Consequentialism

Question 20

It refers specifically to the instances where we have what is handed down to us in sacred scripture.

Answer 20

Eternal Law

Question 21

The intention inherent in the action that one is performing. It specifies the human act and is the purpose that the act accomplishes as a means to the ultimate goal of life.

Answer 21

Moral Object

Question 22

The word virtue comes from the Greek word __________ which means ‘excellence’.

Answer 22

Arete

Question 23

“The end does not justify the means.” This perspective falls under:

Answer 23

Deontology

Question 24

In the works of Aristotle ____________ was the term for the highest human good. It pertains to happiness, well-being, good life.

Answer 24

Eudaimonia

Question 25

Virtue ethics posit a question,

Answer 25

How should I carry out my life if I am to live well?’

Question 26

Bentham first wrote about the greatest happiness principle of ethics and was known for a system of penal management called _____________.

Answer 26

Panopticon

Question 27

For deontologists, what makes a choice right is its _______________with a moral norm.

Answer 27

conformity

Question 28

Suppose that by killing X, an entirely innocent person, we can save the lives of 10 other innocent people. A ____________would say it is inherently wrong to murder people and refuse to kill X, even though not killing X leads to the death of 9 more people than killing X.

Answer 28

non-consequentialist

Question 29

It is a philosophical view which states that the morally right action is the action that produces the best. It is the idea that the moral worth of an action is solely determined by its contribution to overall usefulness in maximizing happiness or pleasure as summed among all people.

Answer 29

Utilitarianism

Question 30

The ultimate reason that determines the moral act. It is a means towards attainment of true happiness both of an agent and the common good.

Answer 30

Intention or Motive

Question 31

He was the father of utilitarianism.

Answer 31

Jeremy Bentham

Question 32

Since we belong to a community, we must consider what is good for the community as well as our own good. This can be called ______________

Answer 32

Common Good

Question 33

Bentham’s principle of utility is democratic because it emphasizes that:

Answer 33

each individual’s happiness is as important as any other’s.

Question 34

Pedro and Jose both do the same work, and there are no relevant differences between them or the work they are doing, then in justice, they should be paid the same wages. Individuals should be treated the same, unless they differ in ways that are relevant to the situation in which they are involved.

Answer 34

equal should be treated equally and unequal unequally.

Question 35

It is a moral law that is unconditional or absolute for all agents, the validity or claim of which does not depend on any ulterior motive or end.

Answer 35

Categorical Imperative

Question 36

According to Jeremy Bentham, our actions are governed by two “sovereign masters” –which he calls_____________. These “masters” are given to us by nature to help us determine what is good or bad and what ought to be done and not; they fasten our choices to their throne.

Answer 36

Pleasure and Pain

Question 37

When we argue that the drug war program of the present government is permissible because doing so results in better public safety, then we are arguing in a _______ way because we argue that some individual rights can be sacrificed for the sake of the greater happiness of the many.

Answer 37

Utilitarian

Question 38

Act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law”— this statement can be expressed in another Kantian formula:

Answer 38

Treat humanity, whether in your own person or in another, always an end, and never as only a means

Question 39

This term means that each individual or group of people is given the same resources or opportunities.

Answer 39

Equality

Question 40

This term signifies that one recognizes that each person has different circumstances and allocates the exact resources and opportunities needed to reach an equal outcome.

Answer 40

Equity

Question 41

Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals is written by _______________

Answer 41

Immanuel Kant

Question 42

“It would be barbarously unjust to chop off a person’s hand for stealing a money, or to impose death penalty on a person who by accident and without negligence injured another party.” What type of justice is being implied in the given statement?

Answer 42

Retributive Justice or Corrective Justice

Question 43

This refers to just compensation for transactional problems such as breaches of contract and practice based on civil law. Rectify the person who did not observe his/her word of honor.

Answer 43

Rectificatory Justice

Question 44

When you respect a person’s autonomy,

Answer 44

You acknowledge a person’s right to make choices, to hold views, and to take actions based on personal values and beliefs

Question 45

John Rawls sees justice as:

Answer 45

the equal distribution of good and services

Question 46

“Those who testified at the hearings claimed that the owners of the cotton mills where workers had been injured should compensate the workers whose health had been ruined by conditions at the mills.” What type of justice is being implied in the given statement?

Answer 46

Compensatory Justice

Question 47

“All members of society are given equal services such as free immunization to all children below seven years old.” What material principle of justice is being applied in the given statement?

Answer 47

to each person an equal share.

Question 48

It is a system in which actions are seen as morally and ethically correct if it accords with the end purpose of human nature and human goals.

Answer 48

Natural Law

Question 49

When there is a shortage of vaccine for Covid 19 virus, it is provided only to the high risks groups. Likewise, only health care workers assigned in the high risks areas are provided with free health check-ups, medication, including treatments and vaccinations to protect them.” What material principle of justice is being applied in the given statement?

Answer 49

to each person according to need

Question 50

These are acts that man does with full knowledge and of his own will

Answer 50

Human Acts

Question 51

Unlike religious deontological theories, the rules (or maxims) in Kant’s deontological theory derive from _____________

Answer 51

human reason

Question 52

Acts that one performs without the knowledge of the intellect and without the decision of the will.

Answer 52

Acts of Man

Question 53

It is also necessary for rules or laws to be communicated to the people involved to enforce them and to better ensure compliance. This is referred to as ________

Answer 53

Promulgation

Question 54

In the context of Justice and Fairness, bestowing benefits include:

Answer 54

approval, praise, honor, and support

Question 55

“Philippine Charity Sweepstakes service of providing free health care assistance only to those who meet the required criteria and that is having no financial capacity to provide it for themselves and to their family.” What material principle of justice is being applied in the given statement?

Answer 55

to each person according to merit.

Question 56

Digestion, beating of the heart, growth, corporal reactions, and visual or auditory perceptions are examples of __________

Answer 56

Acts of Man

Question 57

It is the part of the human act that must be considered to evaluate the total moral act. It can be considered in various moral questions, thus, be might ask, ‘who’, ‘when’, ‘how much’ or ‘in what manner’.

Answer 57

Circumstance

Question 58

Phronesis: Practical wisdom; Sophia: _________
Fair Procedures: Procedural Fairness; Fair Results: ____________

Answer 58

I. Theoretical Wisdom II. Substantive Fairness

Question 59

It is the property of the will in those instances when pure reason is the cause of the action.

Answer 59

Autonomy

Question 60

It occurs when any foreign impulse, whether it is external (as in other persons or institutions that impose their will on the agent) or sensible (as in bodily instincts or base emotions) is what compels a person to act.

Answer 60

Heteronomy