Ethnopharmacology Flashcards
Ethnopharmacology is the ____________________ of the BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE agents that are TRADITIONALLY employed
Interdisciplinary scientific exploration
It is a CULTURAL APPLICATION and a work of a TEAM
Ethnopharmacology
It contributes immensely to the DISCOVERY/REDISCOVERY, DEVELOPMENT, MANUFACTURE and the actual use of HERBAL REMEDIES.
Ethnopharmacologic studies
It has FOLKLORIC uses
Traditional medicines
Traditional medicines are also known as
Local halamang gamot
Ethnic medicines
Majority of COMMERCIAL drugs were developed from
Traditional medicines
What do they use
URBAN areas:
RURAL areas:
Commercial products
Traditional herbal medicine
A series of treatment that uses HERBAL DRUGS/REMEDIES because of their MEDICINAL BENEFITS
Phytotherapy
Example of herbal drugs/medicinal plants
Sambong
Ampalaya
Lagundi
Example of herbal remedies or herbal medicinal products (HMPs)
Re-leaf forte
Charantia capsules
Ascof
Drug products available in the MARKET
Herbal medicinal products (HMPs)
HMPs are NOT DRUGS because of the absence of
Isolation
Purification
Herbal medicinal products contains the crude drug in it’s dried form but
The active ingredient is not isolated
Interdisciplinary means
It involves different field of expertise
SCIENTIFIC EXPLORATION needs to be done alone or in a team
Team
Ethnopharmacology is the SCIENTIFIC STUDY of material such as
Botanicals
Animals
Minerals
Ethnopharmacology is the scientific study used by ETHNIC and CULTURAL groups as?
Medicines
Definition of drug
- Any agent:
Official in the COMPENDIA
Used for diagnosis, cure, treatment and mitigation
A COMPONENT of those defined above
Minoxidil is for
Hirsutism
Levotubocurarine is for
Muscle relaxant
Anticholinergic
Curare is used in
Indians arrow heads - muscle relaxant
Medicines should be
Safe
Effective
Quality
Convenient
The study of culture and peoples’ beliefs, practices, and the cognitive and social organization of human groups.
Cultural anthropology
How people who share a COMMON CULTURAL SYSTEM organize and shape the physical and social world around them, and are in turn shaped by those ideas, behaviors, and physical environments.
Cultural anthropology
The study of drugs - how they INTERACT with other molecules in the body and how they AFFECT the body.
Pharmacology
The study of POISONS, including the source, effect, and treatment of poisoning. It is a BRANCH of pharmacology.
Toxicology
Deals with the PROPERTIES, COMPOSITION, and STRUCTURE of substances, the TRANSFORMATIONS they undergo, and the ENERGY that is released or absorbed during these processes.
Chemistry
Scientific STUDY OF PLANTS, including their physiology, structure, genetics, ecology, distribution, classification, and economic importance
Botany
TRANSFORMING herbal medicine to drugs will require
A lot of disciplines
All of the medicinal plants are very USEFUL in many societies because of their
Content / BioActives
It helps the entire community
Teamwork
Molecules of compound that have the capacity to MODULATE one or more target
BioActives
BioActives affect __________________ that are involved in one or more diseases
Genes or metabolic pathways
BioActives are
Secondary metabolites
BioActives are RESPONSIBLE for the __________________ as they are able to ELICIT EFFECTS
Medicinal benefits
The MECHANISM OF ACTION of BioActives is to produce the biological effect through
Modulation or an interaction with a biological receptor site
Responsible for ILLNESS or DISEASES which can be acted on by the bioactive s
Biological receptor site
It is what the plants HAVE to provide it’s MEDICINAL BENEFITS
Bioactives
Bioactives is an ___________________ that TARGETS a body part
Active constituent
The action of bioactives are elicited by a lot of
APPROACHES
Study of the effects of the medicinal plant on the DNA and mRNA
Genomics
Effects of the plant on the TRANSCRIPTION and TRANSLATION of PROTEINS
Transcriptomics
Transcriptomics is related to
Proteomics
The systematic, large-scale analysis of PROTEINS.
Proteomics
Effects on METABOLIC PROCESSES
Metabolomics
Important in the DISCOVERY PROCESS
Omics
The PURIFICATION of individual components and VERIFICATION of activity
Bioassays
Test or researches that evaluate the PHARMACOLOGIC ACTIVITIES
Bioassays
Employment of WHOLE EXTRACTS of one or more bioactives in a formulation
Manufacturing
Manufacturing CONVERTS the bioactives into a
Dosages form
It makes the drug EASY to ADMINISTER for effective DDS
Dosage form
It will be assessed based on COMPLIANCE to standard set by regulatory agencies
Active or inactive ingredients + packaging or labeling
Group of procedures employed to DISCOVER MORE of compounds or molecules
Omics
