ethnocentrism and cultural relativism

Question 1

a British
anthropologist, described culture as
“that complex whole which includes
knowledge, belief, art, morals, law,
custom and any other capabilities
and habits acquired by man as a
member of society.

Answer 1

edward tylor (1889)

Question 2

They tend to compare, evaluate, and
even judge other people’s ways based on
the values and standards set in one’s
own culture.

Answer 2

ethnocentrism

Question 3

Their worldview is based on the beliefs,
assumptions, expectations, and values
shaped by one’s language, behavior,
customs, values, religions and other
aspects

Answer 3

ethnocentrism

Question 4

is a belief that cultures are equally
complex.
-There is no such thing as superior or inferior culture.
-It is a way of viewing the beliefs, values, and practices
of a culture from its own viewpoint

Answer 4

Cultural relativism

Question 5

was coined by Donald P.
Kent and Robert G. Burnight,
American sociologists, in their 1952
paper “Group Centrism in Complex
Societies.”

Answer 5

xentocentrism

Question 6

these people look at other
culture is better than one’s own. This
results in feelings of inferiority.

Answer 6

xenocentrism

Question 7

he suggests that a specific culture should
only be viewed in the context of its own
cultural standards. In a way, every
culture is unique and equal; therefore,
each should be respected

Answer 7

franz boas

Question 8

understanding culture from the native’s (insider’s) point of
view.
-gathers a richer and more comprehensive understanding of
the subject

Answer 8

emic

Question 9

links cultural practices to external factors that might not be important
to cultural insiders.
presents an outsider’s view by employing external factors, such as
economic conditions, in analyzing a culture. However, these factors
might not be important to cultural insiders

Answer 9

etic

Question 10

• emphasizes similarities between culture
• assumes behavior patterns are universal
• outsider perspective
• objective

Answer 10

etic

Question 11

• emphasizes differences between cultures
  behavior patterns are unique to a culture
• insider perspective
• subjective

Answer 11

emic

Question 12

tribe and ethnic
group of Papua New Guinea. They are
well known among anthropologists
because of ritual acts practiced between
the young boys and men of the tribe.
The Etoro believe that young males
must ingest the semen of their elders to
achieve adult male status and to
properly mature and grow strong

Answer 12

edolo/etoro boys