Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

3. English Language > Ethnicity Theory > Flashcards

Ethnicity Theory Flashcards

Paper 2 Section A Revision

1
Q

Ethnicity refers to one’s family _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, linking one historically and culturally to places where one’s antecedents lived.

A

heritage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pidgins and creoles are languages that draw their lexis largely from one language, but 3 things from several others. What are those 3 things?

A

Syntax, grammar and phonology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Many Pidgins and Creoles are based on European languages in areas that have been _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ by European nations.

A

Colonised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Communities start by creating a pidgin, which many people speak but which isn’t any community’s _ _ _ _ _ language.

A

First

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

If a pidgin survives, what does it become?

A

A creole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ often provides the right conditions for the development of a pidgin.

A

Colonisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

If two speech communities meet and their need to communicate lasts long enough for it to be worthwhile, usually one of the languages will become _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and will be used by both communities.

A

Dominant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A creole is the first, second or third language of a community?

A

First

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A pidgin is a language that has grown up between communities that do not have a mutually _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ language.

A

intelligible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does intelligible mean?

A

Easily understood?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pidgins most often serve the function of a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ or trading language

A

Lingua franca

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A lingua franca is most usually concerned with what?

A

Routine communication between different communities e.g. buying and selling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does ‘my shackup’ mean in Bamboo English?

A

Unmarried exclusive sexual partner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does ‘cut a chogy’ mean in Bamboo English?

A

Leave, go away

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does ‘boonies’ mean in Bamboo English?

A

The remote countryside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Much of the lexis in Bamboo English was concerned with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ items with which the soldiers were not provided by the army; for example drugs and prostitution.

A

illicit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Bamboo English is an English-based pidgin that grew up in which country in the 1960s?

A

South East Asia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

A pidgin isn’t anyone’s _ _ __ _ _ language.

A

first

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Once the pidgin is used as a speech communities first language, what does it become?

A

A creole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

It was the policy of the colonial government to divide _ _ _ _ _ _ communities

A

Speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The slaves developed pidgin languages in order to c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ with each other.

A

Communicate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The _ _ _ _ _ of these languages tended to be drawn from English because it was the only language that they had in common.

A

lexis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The grammar and phonology was often drawn from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and the original African languages of the workers.

A

English

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Jamaican creole is also known as which other names?

A

Patwa or Patois

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the first language of most people in Jamaica?
Patwa or Patois
26
The p _ _ _ _ _ _ _ available in a pidgin have to be present in all of the speakers' original languages.
Phonemes
27
What does 'kraikrai' mean in Kamtok?
Cry continuously
28
What term would we use for 'kraikrai'?
Reduplication
29
In Kamtok, they would say 'Di tu big pepa' instead of 'the two big newspaper'. What is this an example of?
Not marking plural nouns
30
Creolised and Pidginised Englishes tend not to distinguish between g _ _ _ _ _ _ in either nouns or pronouns
Genders
31
How long have most Creoles been in contact with Standard English for?
Up to three hundred years
32
What is the prestige form in Jamaica?
Standard English
33
Because Standard English is the most prestige form in Jamaica, it means that, over time, Patwa is becoming increasingly like Standard English. What do we call this process?
Decreolisation
34
A young Jamaican schoolboy may speak reasonably Standard English in school and then adopt Creole features as they grow older. This shows that speakers adopt a position on the continuum according to what?
Context
35
From the late 1940s, which people began to move to the UK, many speaking a language on the Creole continuum?
Caribbean people
36
Which variety decreolised and their children's language decreolised further, after living in Britain for some time?
Black British English
37
'I'm goinng home, innit' is an example of which BBE feature?
Universal tag question
38
'She eat apples' is an example of which BBE feature?
Omission of the +s inflection from third person singular verbs in the present tense
39
'Two apple' is an example of which BBE feature?
Unmarked plural noun
40
'He good' is an example of which BBE feature?
Omission of the copular verb 'to be' in sentences with complement phrases
41
From the 1960s, contact between Jamaican-British people and their white (usually working class) neighbours in school, at work and socially, lead to what?
'Crossing'
42
What does the term 'crossing' mean?
This is when Jamaican-British people and their white (usually working class) neighoburs are exposed to both Jamaican English and Cockney and style shift between the two varieties.
43
Style shifting between Jamaican English and Cockney (ie crossing) began to gain which type of prestige?
Covert Prestige
44
Style shifting between Jamaican English and Cockney (ie crossing) was beginning to be used by which other people?
Some white and Asian people who didn't have a black peer group
45
Professor Ben Rampton (King's London) says that: "Creole was widely seen as cool, tough and _ _ _ _ to use. It was associated with assertiveness, verbal resourcefulness, competence in heterosexual relationships and opposition to authority" (2010)
good
46
Professor Ben Rampton (King's London) says that: "Creole was widely seen as cool, tough and good to use. It was associated with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , verbal resourcefulness, competence in heterosexual relationships and opposition to authority" (2010)
Assertiveness
47
Professor Ben Rampton (King's London) says that: "Creole was widely seen as cool, tough and good to use. It was associated with assertiveness, verbal resourcefulness, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in heterosexual relationships and opposition to authority" (2010)
Competence
48
Multicultural Urban English (MUE) also known as Multicultural London English, is a variety of English that combines elements of what?
Creole, Standard British English and influences from many other languages.
49
What does MUE stand for?
Multicultural Urban English
50
MUE is associated with Black British speakers but is used by?
A much wider demographic.
51
MUE varies from region to region with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ varieties in Manchester, Birmingham and Bristol.
Different
52
MUE is strongly associated with which people?
Younger people
53
MUE is different from other regional varieties as it doesn't have u _ _ _ _ _ _ _ characteristics shared by its speakers
Uniform
54
MUE has a _ _ _ _ of characteristics from which speakers draw a number depending on age, ethnicity, region and identity.
Pool
55
The specific features _ _ _ _ _ from place to place with MUE speakers in East London using some features more typically than MUE speakers in South London or in Luton or Nottingham.
Shift
56
The local _ _ _ _ _ _ population has an impact on the features used in MUE.
Ethnic
57
What does 'bare' mean in MUE?
Many (adjective) Very (adverb)
58
What does 'beef' mean in MUE?
Disagreement or conflict (noun)
59
What does 'choong' mean in MUE?
Attractive (adjective)
60
What does 'ting' mean in MUE?
Thing (noun) Girlfriend (noun)
61
What does 'endz' mean in MUE?
Neighbourhood (noun)
62
Is MUE h-dropping or non h-dropping?
Non h-dropping
63
One grammatical feature of MUE is when they say 'mandem' - What term can we use for this?
Dem as a plural marker
64
How would a speaker of MUE say 'ask'?
a:ks
65
How would a speaker of MUE say 'price'?
pra:s
66
Man went to Hackney' 'Dem man gone' 'Us man leaving' are all examples of what from MUE?
'Man' as a pronoun.
67
In MUE, the following sentence is common: 'The woman who be in the office' - What can you say about the verb 'be'
Copular 'Be' used consistently before complements
68
What is Code Mixing?
Occasionally inserting words or phrases from one language into another.
69
What is Code Switching?
Moving from one language into another for a longer period.
70
Code switching and mixing can also be a way of signalling a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ with an interlocutor
Relationship
71
Which theorist argued that often, of the two languages used, one is a 'we code' and one is a 'they code.'
Gupertz
72
'We code', outlined by Gupertz, is when speakers of a minority language use one language to acknowledge their _ _ _ _ _ _ heritage with others
Shared
73
Which theory suggests that speakers move between codes depending on where and to whom they are speaking?
Domain theory
74
In which domain, might a British Punjabi Muslim speak Arabic?
At Mosque
75
In which domain, might a British Punjabi Muslim speak English?
In school
76
In which domain, might a British Punjabi Muslim speak Punjabi?
At home
77
In which domain might a British Ashkenazi Jew speak Yiddish?
Home
78
In which domain might a British Ashkenazi Jew speak English?
At School
79
In which domain might a British Ashkenazi Jew speak Hebrew?
Synagogue
80
In which domain might an MUE speaker use Standard English?
In School

3. English Language (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions