Ethnicity - External + Internal

Question 1

Genetic Factors - External Factors

Answer 1

• Murray

- Black people have a lower IQ according to IQ tests

Question 2

Societal Racism - External

Answer 2

• Noon

- Job applications from ‘Evans’ got more positive replies then the same application from ‘Patel’

Question 3

Language Factors - External

Answer 3

• Bernstein
• Children are socialised into a ‘restricted code’
• some households don’t speak English as a first language, giving them a disadvantage

Question 4

Material Deprivation - External

Answer 4

• Flaherty - Pakistanis and Bangladeshis are over 3x more likely to be in the poorest 5th of the population
• Swann Report - estimated that about 50% of difference in achievement is social class

Question 5

Cultural Deprivation - External

Answer 5

• Swann Report - different performance is due to respective cultures
• Ballard - South Asian families tend to be more patriarchal, traditionally extended, parents have high aspirations

Question 6

Pupil Identity - Internal

Answer 6

• Archer

- Teachers see ethnic minority students as lacking the traits looked for in an ‘ideal pupil’

Question 7

Teacher Labelling - Internal

Answer 7

• Gillborn and Youdell
• teachers are quick to discipline black pupils, they have racialised expectations
• white teachers see black males as threatening
• racial stereotypes can lead to teacher-pupil conflict

Question 8

Subcultures - Internal

Answer 8

• Sewell
• studied responses to racism
• teachers stereotyped black students as rebellious, anti-authority and anti-school

Question 9

Ethnocentric Curriculum

Answer 9

• David

- national curriculum is specifically British

Question 10

Institutional racism

Answer 10

• A way of operating within education that is racist or discriminatory