Ethnicity and Religion

Question 1

Ethnic identity

Answer 1

Individuals assert their identity primarily in terms of ethnic group and culture to which they belong

Question 2

Minority ethnic group religions: African-Caribbean

Answer 2

In 2007 found made up 17% of attendees on a Sunday in church
Created pentecostalism: emphasis on experience rather than teachings. Vibrant, high entertainment value, healing praying, exorcisms

Question 3

Asian religious groups

Answer 3

Those from Pakistan and India had non-christian backgrounds so had to establish own temples, mosques and places to worship.
However young people oppose to these values as now equal opportunity laws e.g. Equal rights

Question 4

Evidence for greater commitment among minority ethnic groups:

Answer 4

1. 6% of British population went to church on sunday in 2007, 1/6 of these African Caribbean
2. In 2011/12 British Social Attitudes Survey found only 23% of those identifying with non-Christian church never attended a religious service compared to over half who were Christian

Question 5

Why are minority ethnic groups more religious?

Answer 5

1. Community identity and cultural defence- Bruce suggests due to assertion of community solidarity and pride
2. Social deprivation, marginality and status frustration
3. Family pressures
4. Social identity- Johal: young british asians formed ‘Braisan’ identities

Question 6

Stigmatised identity

Answer 6

Identity that is in some way undesirable or demeaning, and stops individual or group being fully accepted in society

Question 7

Islam and identity in the UK

Answer 7

Due to 9/11 Britain has formed basis for stereotyping Muslims as terroists and extreme preachers. Has become a stigmatised identity.

Question 8

Islamophobia

Answer 8

An irrational fear and/or hatred of or aversion to Islam, Muslims, or Islamic culture.

Question 9

What does Mirza suggest the rise of Muslim identity among young is related to?

Answer 9

1. British foreign policy: see as invasions of Iraq and Afgan, as anti-Islamic policies
2. Decline of other sources of identity: of political parties, nationality, trade unions
3. Multicultural policies: Feel more included so demand things like more faith schools, laws against blasphemy. However may also make them feel different.