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2nd yr- SSRD- Sociology > Ethnicity and health > Flashcards

Ethnicity and health Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define Race

A

Race is a biological concept based on genetic expression of physical features that distinguish mankind

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2
Q

Define culture

A

Is a system of shared ideas, concepts, custom and meanings that underlie the ways that humans live

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3
Q

Define ethnicity

A

Is a shared sense of belonging based on characteristics such as common religion, language, ancestry, national or geographic organ and/or cultural attributes

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4
Q

What is the race rations amendment act 2000?

A

It obliges all public bodies o promote race inequality across all their activities including service provision s

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5
Q

Why is ethnic monitoring carried out in the NHS?

A

So that they can assess and address health inequalities, difficulties in access and discrimination experienced by some black and minority ethnic individuals and communities

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6
Q

What is a fundamental principle of ethnic monitoring in the NHS?

A

Self classification (patients and staff choose their own ethnic group from a set of codes)

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7
Q

What issues are associated with ethnic monitoring?

A

Some may not wish to disclose their ethnicity

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8
Q

Why might people be unwilling to disclose their ethnicity?

A
  1. They mistrust the organisation
  2. They worry their ethnicity will affect the treatment
  3. Privacy
  4. Unsure which category to choose
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9
Q

What has happened to the population size since 2001?

A

Has increased by 7% (from 56.1 million to 59.8 million in 2011)

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10
Q

Why has the population size increased in UK?

A

55% die to immigration

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11
Q

What percentage of the UK population is white?

A

86%

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12
Q

Which city in the uk is the most ethnically diverse?

A

London

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13
Q

Which city in the uk is the least ethnically diverse?

A

Wales

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14
Q

Is Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) higher in men or women?

A

Men (also increases with age)

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15
Q

Which ethnic group suffered the most from Ischaemic heart disease (IHD)?

A

South asian men

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16
Q

Which ethnic group over 55 Years suffers from Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) the most ?

A
  1. Among men aged 55 and over, Pakistani males had the highest prevalence & Chinese
    and Black African males
  2. For women aged 55 and over, the prevalence was highest in the Indian group & lowest in the Black Caribbean
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17
Q

Is STROKE higher in men or women?

A

Older men

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18
Q

Which age group is affected most by stroke?

A

55 year olds

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19
Q

Which ethnic group is most affected by stroke?

A

Men: Black Caribbeans
Women: Bangladeshi and Pakistani

20
Q

The risk of type 2 diabetes increases with what?

A

Age

21
Q

Is there a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes in men or women (who are the exception)?

A

Higher prevalence in men except the Pakistani group

22
Q

Among men which minority group has a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes

A

lack African, Black Caribbean, Indian, Pakistani and Bangladeshi

23
Q

Among women which minority group has a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes

A

more common in the Indian, Pakistani and Bangladeshi groups (aged
35+) and Black Caribbean women (aged 55+).

24
Q

Among men which ethnic group has the LOWEST obesity rate?

A

Bangladeshis (5.8%) and Chinese (6%)

25
Q

Among women which ethnic group has the HIGHEST obesity rate?

A

Black Caribbean, Black African &

Pakistani groups

26
Q

Among women which ethnic group has the LOWEST obesity rate?

A

Chinese women

27
Q

Is high blood pressure is more prevalent in men or women?

A

Men

28
Q

What does the prevalence of high blood pressure increase with?

A

Age in both sexes

29
Q

Which minority group has a higher prevalence of high blood pressure

A

highest among Black Caribbean

30
Q

Which minority group has a the LOWEST prevalence of high blood pressure

A

Bangladeshi men and Chinese women

31
Q

Which ethnic minority group has the highest percentage of cases of self reported poor health

A

Highest percentage among Pakistani and Bangladeshi

32
Q

Which ethnic minority group has the lowest percentage of cases of self reported poor health

A

Chinese

33
Q

What does long standing illness increase with?

A

Age

34
Q

Long standing illness is highest in whom?

A

Highest in general population and Irish

35
Q

Long standing illness is lowest in whom?

A

Lowest among chines and black African groups

36
Q

Which ethnic group is more likely to use complementary and alternative medicine?

A

Chinese

37
Q

Which ethnic minority group has a significantly poor experience as hospital inpatients?

A

Pakistani, Indian and Bangladeshi groups

38
Q

What are black and minority ethnic perp more likely to experience?

A
  1. Problems in accessing and lower satisfaction with services
  2. cultural and language barriers
    3 .Lower GP involvement
  3. Inadequate community based crisis care
  4. An aversive pathway into mental health services
  5. Lower effectiveness of hospital treatment
  6. Longer stays in hospitals
  7. Higher readmission to hospital
  8. less likelihood of having social care
39
Q

Why might ethnic minority groups suffer from ill health?

A
  1. Genetic disposition
  2. Cultural norms, beliefs, attitudes and practices
  3. Deprivation
  4. Social exclusion
  5. Racism
  6. Cultural shock due to migration
40
Q

Describe ethnic minority groups oral health

A
  1. Theres a higher prevalence of dental caries among children
  2. Lower prevalence of caries in permanent dentition
  3. Higher prevalence of periodontal disease
  4. Higher risk of oral cancer
  5. Symptomatic approach to dental visiting
41
Q

From the PATIENTS perspective what barriers to ethnic minority groups in regards to oral health care?

A
  1. Language difficulties
  2. Cultural differences
  3. Unfamiliar with the system
  4. Perception of needs
  5. Anxiety and fear
  6. Lack of faith in dentist
  7. Cost and availably
  8. Physical barriers
42
Q

From the PROFESSIONALS perspective what barriers to ethnic minority groups in regards to oral health care?

A
  1. Communication problem s
  2. Varying naming systems
    3, Appointment system
  3. Lack of cultural sensitivity and empathy
  4. Attitudes
  5. Obtaining consent
  6. Occupational stress
  7. Training and education
43
Q

List in order of higher to lowest treatments which dental PROFESSIONALS perceive are the most difficult to carry out for ethnic minority groups?

A
  1. Prevention
  2. Periodontal
  3. Orthodontics
  4. Restorative
  5. Dentures
  6. Extraction s
  7. LA
44
Q

How can we overcome health barriers?

A
  1. Improved information for both patent and dentist
  2. Health promotion
  3. Education and training fro professional
  4. Role of SDS/ GDS/ HDS
  5. Prevention and treatment strategies
  6. Service provision
  7. Health care system and man power planning
45
Q

What is Institutional Racism?

A

The collective failure of an organisation to provide an appropriate and professional service to people because of their colour, culture or ethnic origin.

2nd yr- SSRD- Sociology (4 decks)

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