Ethnicity and Educational Achievement - External Factors Flashcards
Material Deprivation
Most people of e/m are also w/c - more likely to experience problems with housing, health and finances - this will effect the child’s education
reasons:
discrimination in the workplace (less likely to get promotion-more likely to be socially deprived)
believe men should be the breadwinner-only have one income
lack of the english language - lack of qualification, prevents them from getting a high paid job, negatively effects their child’s education
Racism in society
Rex - studied the way in which the council placed people into council housing
housing departments discriminate against e/m
place them into sub-standard accommodation/housing
Wood et al
studied racism in the employment markets - top 100 biggest companies in Britain
found jobs being advertised for those companies - sent two identical cv’s applications - only thing that was different was their names (evans and patel)
BBC replicated the same thing
Mr Evans got more interviews but both the cv’s were the same. name is an indicator of background
e/m children are more likely to underachieve
parents don’t have jobs because of racism
they don’t have money - can’t and don’t know how to appeal
employees and discriminate
cultural deprivation - Intellectual development and language
Bereiter and Engelmann - children of e/b lack intellectual stimulate and enticing experiences needed for educational success. As a result they do not develop reasoning and problem solving skill. they lack educational toys.
they also use the restricted code and when speaking which holds them back. Families also do not speak english as their first language. This can be criticised as many Indian British children speak (EAL) english additional language, yet do very well at school.
cultural deprivation - Attitudes and values
New Right - argue that black e/m children are socialised into subculture values which promote fatalistic, live for today attitudes which don’t value education. These children are therefore, not encouraged to work hard at school which holds back their progress.
E.G: Scruton argues that some e/m fail to integrate into the mainstream British culture which causes their children to underachieve.
cultural deprivation - Attitude and value - Criticism
many e/m encourage education and encourage their children to do well
cultural deprivation - family structure - Moynihan
argues that many black e/m children are being brought up in lone parent families they are deprived of adequate care because the mother has to struggle financially in the absence of male role model - agree with charles murrey (new right )
cultural deprivation - family structure - Murray
adds to this buy arguing that the lack of positive male role models in black lone parent families cause the underachievement of those children, especially boys. They also see this deprivation as a cycle whereby poorly socialised children grow up and become inadequate parents themselves so the process is repeated for their children.
Criticism - They can be criticised for ignoring the white nuclear families who fail to socialise their children properly
cultural deprivation - family structure - Swell
e/m boys - negative peer pressure from other black boys . Its not due to a lack of male role models. Black boys have an anti-school subculture. These boys are more likely to find their role model from the media. the media portrays a negative view that black boys follow. especially from rap.
cultural deprivation - family structure- Lupton(she)
studied asian families - they are more strict and more supportive of the schools behaviour policies. They raise their children as adult figures. . still bring up children as seeing adults as a authoritative figure
get support from the family/ extended family -have high expectations
cultural deprivation - family structure - McCulloch
white families - white w/c families don’t find education as important therefore, they don’t have high expectations of their children, don’t value education, don’t support school’s behaviour policies and their bad experiences of education is passed onto their children. When the parents were at school, they didn’t have a good experience - became anti-school and passed these attitudes onto their children.
Cultural deprivation - Criticism
Keddie - they are not culturally deprived, they’re cultural is just different. It needs to be expected and celebrated
Cultural deprivation - Criticism
Driver - many black single mums work and bring up their children therefore they are very strong and very good role models for their kids.
Instead of schools promoting white m/c values, schools should promote compensatory education policies that will make e/m children feel included and valued in the education system.
Compensatory policy: multicultural education- minority cultural’s are included in the curriculum (history, r.e, art , languages etc)
