Demography

Question 1

demography

Answer 1

the study of population changes which are caused by birth rates, death rates and migration

Question 2

birth rate

Answer 2

the number of live births per 1000 people per year
decreasing:
changes in the position of women - equality:employment, divorce - choose to have children
Harper argues education is the main factor of as educated women prioritse their careers - use contraception
smaller families are becoming the norm

Question 3

Reasons for a decrease in birth rates

Answer 3

• changes in the position of women - equality:employment, divorce - choose to have children
  Harper argues education is the main factor of as educated women prioritse their careers - use contraception - smaller families are becoming the norm
• decline in infant morality rates - still births, children dying at birth
• children are an economic liability - children were an economic asset, can’t afford children so they choose not to have them
• child centeredness - quality not quantity - spend time with kids they have, give them more money and attention and love
  its falling because people are choosing to have less children

Question 4

Conseqences

Answer 4

smaller families - fewer babies born, children more isolated and lonely, no one to play with, children being more valued
dual worker families - women are free to work, fewer kids to take care of

Question 5

birth rate falling

Answer 5

short term - positives: less dependent people, less money needed, saves money
long term - negative: less people born, fewer workers, more tax, pension age increases, more dependent people

Question 6

dependency ratio

Answer 6

improvement in the dependency ratio - fall in birth rates reduce dependent population
lessened pressure on public services - fewer schools, children, hospitals needed
ageing population - more older people and less younger people

Question 7

total fertility rate

Answer 7

average number of children a women has during her fertile years
decreasing

Question 8

family size

Answer 8

refers to the average number of children per household

decreasing

Question 9

age to have their first child - increasing

Answer 9

• decline in the infant mortality rate
• intervention of reliable contraception
• child-centeredness
• women are having children later
• the impact of feminism
• increased career opportunities for women

Question 10

death rate

Answer 10

the number of deaths per 1000 people per year

declined

Question 11

infant mortality rate

Answer 11

is the number of babies who die before their 1st birthday, per 1000 live births, per year
falling

Question 12

ageing population

Answer 12

refers to a society which has more older people and fewer young people. it is caused by an increase in life expectancy, declining infant mortality and declining fertility
increasing

Question 13

life expectancy

Answer 13

refers to the average age a person is likely to live until

increased to 80/85 - expected to live longer than our processors