Ethnicity

Question 1

Reasons for ethnic differences in religiousity

Answer 1

Solidarity
social deprivation and marginality
Religious socialisation
Cultural transition
cultural defence

Question 2

Solidarity

Answer 2

Higher religiosity for community solidarity - link to ethnic identity - dress codes and language

mosques are used as community centre protecting cultural values

religion used as socialisation- help with opposition to racism

Question 3

Social deprivation and marginality

Answer 3

EMs more likely to be alienated + suffer from status frustration
turn to religion for identity e.g. older asian women due to language

pakistani + bangladeshi poorest in UK

religion is opium of people and provides theodicy of disprivilege - explanation for why they are suffering

Question 4

religious socialisation

Answer 4

family structures more tight knit in asian communities - strong extended families

+ tight knit communities- pressure to conform to religious values + behaviour

Question 5

Cultural transition

Answer 5

Religion can ease the transition into a new culture via support
BRUCE - seen in immigration

pentecostalism - religion of the oppressed - pushes protestant work ethic - encouraged self reliance and gave hope of improving situation

Question 6

Cultural defence

Answer 6

bruce - religion gives cultural identity in uncertain and hostile environments

community solidarity - against racism
pentecostal churches do this due to white churches not accepting them