Ethnic Identities Flashcards
Cashmore & Troyna
FAMILY/PEER SOCIALISES INTO TRADITIONAL ETHNIC IDENTITY
- migrants faced discrimination in the 50s/60s in workplace, housing, education
- migrants turned inwards - creating communities with similar ethnics to resist assimilation
- established their own places of worship
- migrants responded to racism by strengthening their own cultural identity rather than adopting a british one
Hebdige
FAMILY/PEER SOCIALISES INTO TRADITIONAL ETHNIC IDENTITY
- Jamaicans wanted to be unique from blacks and whites, so adopted rastafarianism
- wore green/red/gold, dreadlocks, smoked cannabis
- adopted this culture to resist racism, asserting their identity
Ghuman
FAMILY SOCIALISES INTO TRADITIONAL ETHNIC IDENTITY
- British-Asian identity
- tradition/religion/family values played big role
- emphasis on duty loyalty honour and religion
- Parents chose partners, taught problems with love marriage, taught mother tongue AND english
Anwar
FAMILY SOCIALISES INTO TRADITIONAL ETHNIC IDENTITY
- Culture clash;
- family can be source of conflict
- issues around western clothing, arranged marriages, freedom
- younger generation mix with others at school
- others’ values influence second gen immigrant identity
- this causes arguements girls given less freedom, expected to be wives/mothers
Butler
FAMILY SOCIALISES INTO TRADITIONAL ETHNIC IDENTITY
Driver & Ballard
EDUCATION SOCIALISES INTO TRADITIONAL ETHNIC IDENTITY
- education = more important to certain ethnic groups
- indian families place higher value on education
- place high ambition on children + best grades
- performed better than white/black on avg in GCSE
i
Archer & Francis
EDUCATION SOCIALISES INTO TRADITIONAL ETHNIC IDENTITY
- support D & B
- cultural factors are important
- British-Chinese - education a part of their identity
- when they engage in laddish behaviour, they still maintain commitment to school
- Chinese parents constantly talking to children about future education + invest time/money
Coard
EDUCATION SOCIALISES INTO TRADITIONAL ETHNIC IDENTITY
- education system = institutionally racist
- based around white culture; literature/history dominates
- teachers dismissive pf non-standard english
Gillborn
EDUCATION SOCIALISES INTO TRADITIONAL ETHNIC IDENTITY
- institutionally racist towards black boys
- seen as disruptive + a threat by teachers
- therefore they negatively stereotype and label them
- boys less likely to be placed in higher set, –> self fulfilling prophecy
- SFP = told something so much they end up becoming it
Alexander
MEDIA SOCIALISES INTO TRADITIONAL ETHNIC IDENTITY
- Asian youths unfairly targeted by media
- myth of the Asian gangs
- > media reports violent clashes between clashes of Black/Asian gangs
- clashes were exaggerated - Asian boys criminalised due to Islamaphobia
Hall
MEDIA SOCIALISES INTO TRADITIONAL ETHNIC IDENTITY
The White Eye text - Hall
* traditionally, films portrayed blacks as either;
-Natives
-Entertainers
-Slaves
* Hall coined the term The White Eye - it is how directors see minoritites and is not true
Moghissi
MEDIA SOCIALISES INTO TRADITIONAL ETHNIC IDENTITY
- Muslims in the media are huddled together
- since 9/11 7/7 moral panic has been created around Islam
- Muslim women presented as victims of honour killings - being punished for violating social, religious, or family norms
- Muslim men stereotyped as terrorists
Sewell
MEDIA SOCIALISES INTO TRADITIONAL ETHNIC IDENTITY
- Media promotes** hyper-masculine role models**; eg. rappers
- they promote traits such as toughness, importance of material wealth, objectification of women, and anti-authority
- shapes them into stereotypical behaviour
Les Back
PEER GROUP SOCIALISES INTO CHANGING ETHNIC IDENTITY
studied council estates in South London
* Black Asian White youths shared friendships, music, fashion, slang
* evidence of** hybrid identities**, as youths tried out cultural masks, where cultural borrowing took place
Gill
PEER GROUP SOCIALISES INTO CHANGING ETHNIC IDENTITY
surveyed British Asian students
* many identified as “Blasian”
* > Asian adopt Black style of dress + language and combined with Asian culture
* further evidence of hybrid ethnic identity
