Ethnic differences in achievement (internal) Flashcards
What are the 4 internal ethnic differences in achievement
- labelling
- identities
- responses & subcultures
- institutional racism
What did Gillborn & Youdell find on black pupils and discipline?
- teachers quicker to discipline black pupils than others
- due to racialised expectations
- misinterpreted behaviour as challenging authority
- pupils felt underestimated
What did Foster find on black pupils and streaming?
- teachers negative stereotypes of black pupils resulted them being in low sets
- causes self-fulfilling prophecy of underachievement
What did Wright find on Asian pupils?
- study of multi-ethnic primary school
- teachers assumed they had a poor grasp of English
- left out of discussions, patronised, marginalised
What are Archers 3 pupil identities?
ideal pupil= white, MC, heterosexual, natural ability
pathologised pupil= Asian, feminised identity, asexual, overachiever, hard work
demonised pupil= Black/ white, WC, hypersexualised, underachiever
What does Archer say about chinese pupils?
- both praised and viewed negatively (pathologized)
- achieved success in the wrong way, hard work not natural ability
What did Fuller find on pupil responses?
- Year 11 black girls
- negatively labelled, rejected and were determined to succeed
- showed deliberate lack of concern about routines
- positive attitude towards success, not for approval
What did Sewell find on pupil responses?
4 groups:
Rebels= rejected goals & rules of school, excluded, conform to stereotypes
Conformists= accept goals, keen to succeed, not part of a subculture
Retreatists= Minority disconnected from school and subcultures
Innovators= pro education, anti-school (Fullers) only conformed to school work
Evaluate labelling and pupil responses:
- stereotypes not just due to teachers prejudices but the education system as a whole
- assumes once labelled, will fail, but can devise strategies (however Mirza, girls limited opportunities)
What do Troyna and Williams argue about ethnic differences in achievement
Institutional racism
-need to look at how schools unconsciously discriminate against minorities, built in,
(not just prejudice views)
What is critical race theory?
- Racism is an ingrained feature of society, not intentional actions but preestablished
What does Roithmayr say about institutional racism?
- Scale of discrimination is so huge, conscious intent to discriminate isn’t needed. It feeds upon itself
What does Gillborn say about marketisation/ segregation and racism?
Gillborn
- Marketisation gives schools more scope to select peoples, stereotypes influence decisions
Moore and Davenport
- selection procedures cause ethnic segregation, minorities cant get into better schools due to discrimination
What is the ethnocentric curriculum?
- Reflects the culture of one ethnic group, the dominant culture
What does Ball say about the ethnocentric curriculum?
- history promotes the attitude of ‘little Englandism’
- recreates mythical age of empire and past glories
-ignores history of black & asian people
What does Gillborn say about assessment for ethnic minorities?
- rigged to validate dominant cultures superiority
- baseline assessments replaced by FSP’s
- based on teacher judgements, completed end of reception
- black children ranked lower
What did Gillborn find on the gifted and talented programme?
- created to meet needs of more pupils
- however stats show whites are 2x as likely than black Caribbean’s to be identified as gifted
What does Gillborn say on measuring potential
- there is no genuine measure
- potential isn’t a fixed quality measured by IQ tests or assessments
- can only tell what they can do now, not in the future
Criticisms of Gillborn:
Sewell
- believes racism isn’t powerful enough to prevent success, have to look at external factors
- If Indian and Chinese students perform better than white, does racism impact achievement?
What does Evans say on ethnicity, class and gender?
- to fully understand ethnicity & achievement, need to look at gender and class as well
Connolly:
- Masculinity differs between ethnicity.
- Black boys disruptive and threatening
- Asian boys more feminine & vulnerable when picked on
