Ethnic differences in achievement (external)

Question 1

What are the 3 external ethnic differences in achievement?

Answer 1

1. Cultural deprivation
2. Material deprivation & Class
3. Racism in wider society

Question 3

How do attitudes affect ethnic (black) achievement (cultural)?

Answer 3

• Black children socialised into fatalistic ‘live for today’ subculture. Does not value education, unequipped to succeed

Question 4

What does Murray say about ethnic family structure? (cultural)

Answer 4

-Murray (new right) lack of positive male role models lead to underachievement of some minorities

Question 5

What does Sewell say about ethnic underachievement? (cultural)

Answer 5

• Black boys lack nurturing fathers
• Anti-educational peer pressure
• Socialised by the media, rap lyrics and MTV videos
• Need greater expectations placed upon them

Question 6

What did Lupton find on Asian families and achievement? (cultural)

Answer 6

• Adult authority in Asian families, similar to schools
• respectable behaviour was expected
  -Beneficial in schools, parents supportive of behaviour policies

Question 7

What did Lupton and Evans find on white working class families underachievement? (cultural)

Answer 7

• Lupton, poor levels of discipline/ behaviour in white WC schools
• Teachers blamed on low parental support & negative attitudes towards education
• Evans, street culture brutal, intimidate others, disruption & hard to succeed

Question 8

How is cultural deprivation tackled?

Answer 8

• Compensatory education policy

Question 9

Criticisms of cultural deprivation theory?

Answer 9

• Driver, ignores positive effects of ethnic achievement, girls with positive female role models, independent
• Keddie, victim blaming, culturally different not deprived, schools are ethnocentric, biased in favour of white culture

Question 10

What did Palmer find on ethnic material deprivation?

Answer 10

• 1/2 ethnic minorities live in low income households
• 2x as likely unemployed
• 3x as likely homeless

Question 11

Why are ethnic minorities at a risk of material deprivation?

Answer 11

• economically depressed areas, high unemployment, low wages
• tradition in some Muslim households prevent women working outside the home
• lack of language skills & foreign qualifications, not recognised by employers

Question 12

Which group of pupils are more successful within education?

Answer 12

• Indian, better off backgrounds
• 2x more likely than whites to attend private schools, 5x black pupils

Question 13

Does class override ethnicity?

Answer 13

• 86% of chinese girls receiving free school meals received 5+ higher grade GCSES than 65% white girls not receiving free school meals
• material deprivation does not override ethnicity

Question 14

What did Rex find on racism in wider society?

Answer 14

• racism leads to social exclusion, worsening poverty faced by em
• forced into substandard accommodation