ethnic differences in achievement Flashcards
what is lawson and garrods defintion of ethnic groups
people who share common history, customs and identity , as well as in most cases, language and religion and who see themselves as a distinct unit
a difficulty of studying ethnicity
deciding who to include in an ethnic group e.g asians with diff language + religions
an important gender and class difference between ethnic groups
among all ethnic group girls do better except for gypsy/Roma
white boys on free school meals achievement measure (DfES)
DfES 23% white boys on FSM gain 5 A*-C at GCSE, whites may be worst performing
the lack of material deprivation leading to cultural capital in ethnic minorities causing underachievement
low income = black. lack enriching experiences + intellectual experiences so no problem + reasoning skills
the lack of linguistic skills in ethnic minorities that cause underachievement
bereiter and engelmann - language of poor black families = inadequate for educational success. ungrammatical + disjointed
english as a second language - is it a big factor in differences in achievement
stats how not major factor (2010) children with EAL only 3.2 points behind.
what do gillborn and mirza say of EAL
indian students do well despite being EAL
lack of correct attitudes and values in affecting a lack of motivation and competition
lack of motivation = major /black) mianstream culture = ambition, competitiveness, willingness - achieve goals but blacks = fatalism ‘live for today’ (sugarman)
a dysfunctional family type that leads to underachievement (moynihan)
moynihan - black = lone, women headed, so children deprivied of adequate care as mother has to struggle breadwinner + homemaker
the absence of the father in black families leads to what
lack of adequate role model of male achievement
the cycle of inadqueate family types by cultural deprivation
moynihan states cultural deprivation is a cycle where inadequately socialised children go on to fail school and go to have their own lone parent families
murray - new right perspective of underachievement amongst ethnic minorities
high rate of lone parenthood + lack of positive male role model figures
scruton - new right perspective of low achievement in ethnic minorities
some ethnic minorities fail to embrace mainstream british culture
pryce and the differences between asian and black cohesion that leads to differences in tolerance to racism
asian families are more cohesive + greater self - worth = tolerance to racism
black = low self esteem low resistance
what causes a low self esteem in black families compared to asians - pryce
blacks= experience of slavery = culturally devastating, lost language, religion. asian families did not lose culture by colonial rule
sewell contradictions of murray( lack of father = lack of role model)
sewell = not lack of fathers but lack of fatherly nurturing (tough love) boys = cannot overcome emotional difficulty of adolescence
what do boys result to when difficulty of adolescence after lack of fatherly nurturing
street gangs offer boys a perverse loyalty and love, anti school subcultures
what was the biggest barrier to success in the black boys that sewell had interviewed
black boys were subject to peer pressure to join anti school subculture, one is nurtured by MTV, the other studies
gillborn counterpoint to sewell of peer pressure to join anti school subcultures causing underachievement
it is not peer pressure but institutional racism within education system that systematically produces failure of black boys
opposition to black family types in asian types that causes them to achieve whilst black underachieve in support children recieve
chinese - very supportive with fathers, ‘asian work ethic’
what does lupton say about asian families that cause a overachievement
asian family authority is similar to education respectful behaviour expected from children- parents supportive of school policy
how does mculloch survey of 16,000 on asiprations of attending university show white underachievement
ethnic minorities more likely to aspire going to university compared to white british
why do white british have low aspiration of attending university
low asiprations + achievement from lack of parental support
what were lutpons findings in studying different demographic secondary schools related to behaviour and discipline
4 WC schools 2 white, 1 pakistani, 1 mixed
low discipline + behaviour from whites despite low FSM% —- blamed on low parental support
what is evans view on whites behaviour + discipline issues
whites involved in street culture leads to withstanding of intimidation, school place of where street culture played out - disruption
how is cultural deprivation a negative, pessimistic view - driver
cultural deprivation theory ingores positive effects of ethnicity on achievement, black family teaches females independence
lawrence criticism of pryce that blacks have a low self esteem
blacks underachieve not becuase of low self esteem but because of racism
keddie’s view of cultural deprivation
culturally different, not culturally deprived. ethnocentric curriculum biased in favour of whites so ethnic are outsiders to schools curriculum,
a criticism of compensatory education
compensatory education imposes dominant white culture
alternatives to compensatory education that instills white ethnocentric values
multicultural education - recognition of minority cultures inclusion in curriculum
anti- racist education- policy that challenges prejudice + discrimination
according to palmer what are difficulties ethnic minorities face in material deprivation
1/2 live in low income, against 1/4 of whites
x2 likely to be unemployed
x3 likely to be homeless
almost 1/2 bangladeshi earned under £7 an hour compared to 1/4 white
