class differences in achievement - external factors

Question 1

`private school statistics

Answer 1

7% attend private school
account for 50% oxbridge

Question 2

Sutton trust

Answer 2

3 years eton - 211 to oxbridge
1,300 state school - 0 to oxbridge

Question 3

nationwide study by the Centre for for longitudinal studies

Answer 3

by 3yrs disadvantaged 1 year behind the privileged. gap continues to widen

Question 4

what causes cultural deprivation

Answer 4

primary socialisation family embed wc values.

Question 5

failure to socialise adequately causes…

Answer 5

no cultural equipment for society, language, self discipline + reasoning

Question 6

language = Bernstein

Answer 6

MC = feel at home , WC = exclusion
teachers, textbooks ,exams elaborated code

Question 7

language = Hubbs- Tait et al

Answer 7

languag that requires evaluation=achievers
feinstein = educated parents

Question 8

language = Bereiter and Engelmann

Answer 8

WC language is deficient, ungrammatical, disjointed phrases

Question 9

Douglas = parents attitudes on education

Answer 9

WC p place less value on edu ,e.g not attending parents’ evening= less ambition + motivation

Question 10

feinstein = educated parents factors

Answer 10

EDU p socialise with education culture by parenting style, parents educational behaviours, use of income, parents own education

Question 11

parenting style (feinstein), causing gaps in achievement

Answer 11

EDU p = consistent discipline, encouraging active learning,
WC = discipline = do as told leads to problem with interacting with teachers

Question 12

parents educational behaviour (feinstein) that causes gaps in achievement

Answer 12

EDU P= better knowledge of childrearing, visits to museum + libraries (cc), helping with HW

Question 13

Use of income (feinstein) of MC parents that helps MC to be achieving

Answer 13

EDU p=Bernstein and young MC mum more likely to buy educational things that stimulate development, nutrition

Question 14

parents own education (feinstein) that affects some WC children to be successful

Answer 14

regardless of income EDU P have achieving children

Question 15

how are WC values transmitted

Answer 15

primary socialisation, WC values, attitudes and beliefs transmitted

Question 16

compensatory education in tackling gaps in achievement

Answer 16

compensate for CC lost in deprivation e,g educational psychologists, school trips

Question 17

myth of cultural deprivation (CD) criticism

Answer 17

kedddie - not culturally deprived, culturally different, education system dominated by MC values, tackle anti-working class prejudices

Question 18

criticisms of speech codes - Bernstein

Answer 18

troyna + williams problem is not language but teachers attitudes towards language. teachers hierarchy = MC , WC , black speech

Question 19

criticism of Douglas (WC disinterest)

Answer 19

blackstone + mortimore WC P attend less, days are dominated by low pay/lack knowledge of understanding education

Question 20

department of education (material deprivation(MD)

Answer 20

barely 1/3 eligible for free school meals achieve 5/more C-A* against 2/3 of other groups

Question 21

flaherty - material deprivation (MD) affecting attendance

Answer 21

finanical problems = major in affecting young children attendance

Question 22

statistic of failing schools

Answer 22

90% failing schools in deprived areas

Question 23

housing in affecting gaps in achievement

Answer 23

overcrowding/homework (desk space, poor housing- mould cold, temporary housing - psychological distress

Question 24

diet and health in affecting gaps in achievement

Answer 24

howard - WC = low intake of nutrition = weak immune system/concentration issue

Question 25

mental disorders in WC homes affecting underachievement

Answer 25

wilkinson - among 10yr olds the lower the class = higher the anxiety , hyperactivity

Question 26

costs of free schooling - sociologist name

Answer 26

bull

Question 27

hand me downs in affecting underachievement in WC

Answer 27

school equipment =expensive so poor deal with hand-me-downs that are unfashionable ——-bullying= stigmatisation, bullying tanner et al

Question 28

why dont some take up entitlement of FSM (free school meals)

Answer 28

20% dont take entitlement bcs fear of isolation and stigmatisation

Question 29

who said poverty acts as a barrier

Answer 29

noble and smith - poverty acts as barrier to full potential e.g, good quality education, tutoring

Question 30

abolishing of education maintenance allowance - EMA

Answer 30

EMA abolished by coalition government in 2011

Question 31

fear of debt - affecting those who apply to university

Answer 31

data: nationwide study of 2,000 prospective students callender+jackson = WC are debt adverse MC= debt tolerant (5* more likely to apply to uni

Question 32

increases in fees affecting uni applicants

Answer 32

increase in fees to max of 9k = increased debt burden. applicants fell by 8.6% - UCAS

Question 33

MC vs WC receiving help from home with debts

Answer 33

national union of students online survey of 3,863. 81% of MC received help from home, compared to 43% of WC

Question 34

criticism of material deprivation - regardless of social class…

Answer 34

some poor students achieve, MD only part of explanation e.g political, religious + cultural values play pert in sustaining motivation

Question 35

evaluation of MD - strength

Answer 35

mortimore, whitty - material inequalities have biggest affect on achievement. robinson - tackling child poverty effective to tackling underachievement

Question 36

bourdeiurr