Ethnic Achievement Flashcards
Murray
High rate of lone parent family’s and lack of male role models causes underachievement.
Sewell
It isn’t absence of fathers but absence of the tough love, in this absence street gangs offer this tough love.
They are then subject to powerful anti school peer pressure from the gangs as its deemed ‘selling out to the white establishment’
Gilborn
Counter Sewell
Not peer pressure but institutional racism that causes underachievement of black boys
Lupton
Asian adult authority is similar to school and means children are respectful and use to the schools expectations of behaviour, allowing them to do well.
Evans
White w/c street culture is brutal and kids must learn to intimidate and not be intimidated.
School allows these power games to play out and causes disruption
Driver
Criticism of cultural deprivation theory
Ignores positive effects of ethnic minorities
Single parent families show a strong female role model
Rex
Racism in wider society
Racial discrimination leads to social exclusion and this worsens the poverty faced by ethnic minorities. e.g. housing, black get worse than white in same position.
Gillborn and Youdell
Teachers are quicker to discipline black pupils
This is a result of teachers ‘racialised expectations’
Teachers expected worse behaviour and interpreted black pupils behaviour as threatening and challenging authority
Foster
Teachers labelling blacks as badly behaved causes them to be put in lower sets than people with similar abilities
Fuller
Study group of black year 11 girls who were untypical because they were high achievers in a school where most black girls were placed in low streams
Mirza
Racist teachers discouraged black girls from being ambitious through the advice they gave regarding careers, for example, don’t go for this job…
Berieter and Engelmann
W/C black language is deficient for educational success
Second language achievement
2010 grades - A*-C
English first language - 55.2%
English as second language - 52%
Not a huge difference
How does EM attitudes and values affect achievement?
Blacks are socialised into fatalism, living for the day, which leaves them unequipped for success.
Moynihan
Black family is fronted by a lone female, the kids therefore get inadequate care as mother struggles financially, causing them to fall behind at school.
Counter for Moynihan
Driver - lone female gives good role model
Compensatory Education Schemes
None for EM’s specifically but all W/C ones target them as most likely to be deprived, e.g. sure start, EMA & Sewells generating genius
Keddie
Blacks cant be deprived of their own culture they’re just culturally different
Guy Palmer
- Half EM are low income compared to 1/4 whites.
because -
- EM live in poorer areas
- Asylum seekers cant work
- lack of language skills
All this inequality seen by FSM, 10% white and 45% Bangladeshi
Does class override ethnicity?
86% Chinese on FSM got 5A*-C compared to 65% of white girls who weren’t on FSM.
Their ethnicity had a positive effect, overruling class.
Counter for Rex
Majority of homeless are white
Gillborn and Mirza
Going into primary, blacks were highest achievers, 20% ahead of avg, but at GCSE they were 21% below avg.
Suggest its due to labelling etc
Wright
Asians are subject to labelling too, teachers had ethnocentric views and thought they were stupid, e.g. cant read or talk English. This caused them to be marginalised as teachers saw them as an issue to be ignored.
Archer
Teachers stereotype Asians as quiet and passive.
Sewell and boys responses
4 responses to teacher elabels -
- Rebels (anti school)
- Conformists (go along)
- Retreatists (leave school and their ethnic culture)
- Innovaters (anti school pro education, like Fullers girls.)
What is critical race theory?
Insistituional Racism basically
Things that cause school to be institutionally racist
- Marketisation (league tables) (Gillborn)
- Ethnocentric Curriculum (David)
- Access to opportunities (gifted and talented etc)
- New IQ’ism (Gillborn and youdell)
How does marketisation lead to institutional racism
Gillborn - school dnt pick EM due to sterotypes)
How does ethnocentric curriculum cause institutional racism?
David - national currriculum is ‘specifically british’)
Counters for critical race theory
- Focuses black underachievement and Asian over achievement, how can there be both if its racist?
- Sewell says its external not internal
