Ethnic Achievement

Question 1

Murray

Answer 1

High rate of lone parent family’s and lack of male role models causes underachievement.

Question 2

Sewell

Answer 2

It isn’t absence of fathers but absence of the tough love, in this absence street gangs offer this tough love.

They are then subject to powerful anti school peer pressure from the gangs as its deemed ‘selling out to the white establishment’

Question 3

Gilborn

Counter Sewell

Answer 3

Not peer pressure but institutional racism that causes underachievement of black boys

Question 4

Lupton

Answer 4

Asian adult authority is similar to school and means children are respectful and use to the schools expectations of behaviour, allowing them to do well.

Question 5

Evans

Answer 5

White w/c street culture is brutal and kids must learn to intimidate and not be intimidated.

School allows these power games to play out and causes disruption

Question 6

Driver

Criticism of cultural deprivation theory

Answer 6

Ignores positive effects of ethnic minorities

Single parent families show a strong female role model

Question 7

Rex

Racism in wider society

Answer 7

Racial discrimination leads to social exclusion and this worsens the poverty faced by ethnic minorities. e.g. housing, black get worse than white in same position.

Question 8

Gillborn and Youdell

Answer 8

Teachers are quicker to discipline black pupils

This is a result of teachers ‘racialised expectations’

Teachers expected worse behaviour and interpreted black pupils behaviour as threatening and challenging authority

Question 9

Foster

Answer 9

Teachers labelling blacks as badly behaved causes them to be put in lower sets than people with similar abilities

Question 10

Fuller

Answer 10

Study group of black year 11 girls who were untypical because they were high achievers in a school where most black girls were placed in low streams

Question 11

Mirza

Answer 11

Racist teachers discouraged black girls from being ambitious through the advice they gave regarding careers, for example, don’t go for this job…

Question 12

Berieter and Engelmann

Answer 12

W/C black language is deficient for educational success

Question 13

Second language achievement

Answer 13

2010 grades - A*-C
English first language - 55.2%
English as second language - 52%

Not a huge difference

Question 14

How does EM attitudes and values affect achievement?

Answer 14

Blacks are socialised into fatalism, living for the day, which leaves them unequipped for success.

Question 15

Moynihan

Answer 15

Black family is fronted by a lone female, the kids therefore get inadequate care as mother struggles financially, causing them to fall behind at school.

Question 16

Counter for Moynihan

Answer 16

Driver - lone female gives good role model

Question 17

Compensatory Education Schemes

Answer 17

None for EM’s specifically but all W/C ones target them as most likely to be deprived, e.g. sure start, EMA & Sewells generating genius

Question 18

Keddie

Answer 18

Blacks cant be deprived of their own culture they’re just culturally different

Question 19

Guy Palmer

Answer 19

• Half EM are low income compared to 1/4 whites.

because -

• EM live in poorer areas
• Asylum seekers cant work
• lack of language skills

All this inequality seen by FSM, 10% white and 45% Bangladeshi

Question 20

Does class override ethnicity?

Answer 20

86% Chinese on FSM got 5A*-C compared to 65% of white girls who weren’t on FSM.

Their ethnicity had a positive effect, overruling class.

Question 21

Counter for Rex

Answer 21

Majority of homeless are white

Question 22

Gillborn and Mirza

Answer 22

Going into primary, blacks were highest achievers, 20% ahead of avg, but at GCSE they were 21% below avg.

Suggest its due to labelling etc

Question 23

Wright

Answer 23

Asians are subject to labelling too, teachers had ethnocentric views and thought they were stupid, e.g. cant read or talk English. This caused them to be marginalised as teachers saw them as an issue to be ignored.

Question 24

Archer

Answer 24

Teachers stereotype Asians as quiet and passive.

Question 25

Sewell and boys responses

Answer 25

4 responses to teacher elabels -

• Rebels (anti school)
• Conformists (go along)
• Retreatists (leave school and their ethnic culture)
• Innovaters (anti school pro education, like Fullers girls.)

Question 26

What is critical race theory?

Answer 26

Insistituional Racism basically

Question 27

Things that cause school to be institutionally racist

Answer 27

• Marketisation (league tables) (Gillborn)
• Ethnocentric Curriculum (David)
• Access to opportunities (gifted and talented etc)
• New IQ’ism (Gillborn and youdell)

Question 28

How does marketisation lead to institutional racism

Answer 28

Gillborn - school dnt pick EM due to sterotypes)

Question 29

How does ethnocentric curriculum cause institutional racism?

Answer 29

David - national currriculum is ‘specifically british’)

Question 30

Counters for critical race theory

Answer 30

• Focuses black underachievement and Asian over achievement, how can there be both if its racist?
• Sewell says its external not internal