Ethics - Module 15-18 (1)

Question 1

For him, the ultimate purpose cannot be understood without understanding the place of reason in ordering one’s life.

Answer 1

Aristotle

Question 2

According to Aristotle, it is the highest good attainable by man

Answer 2

Self-Realization

Question 3

Self-realization is termed as ____ or well-being or happiness.

Answer 3

Eudaemonia

Question 4

refers to fulfilling, realizing, actualizing, and developing one’s nature with all its potentials

Answer 4

full realization of functions

Question 5

It is an activity of the soul in accordance with virtue

Answer 5

Eudaemonia

Question 6

Threefold Nature of Man accd to Aristotle

Answer 6

Vegetative, Sentient, Rational

Question 7

it refers to the physical body which is cultivated by wholesome food and proper exercise

Answer 7

Vegetative

Question 8

It involves sensual feelings and emotions , whichmust be fully developed through appropriate sex activity within the limit of his social conventions.

Answer 8

Sentient

Question 9

one develops this nature in the pursuit of scientific knowledge. philosophical truth, political activity, religious commitment, and creative, artistic endeavor.

Answer 9

Rational

Question 10

It is central in the self- realization ethics of Aristotle, especially in the full exercise of functions regarding the development of man’s vegetative and sentient nature.

Answer 10

Doctrine of the Golden Mean

Question 11

According to St. Thomas, the source of the moral law is ____

Answer 11

reason

Question 12

St. Thomas used this term to describe this inherent capacity of an individual to perceive what is good or bad.

Answer 12

synderesis

Question 13

The voice of reason is also called the ____, which refers to the immediate judgment of practical reason applying the general principle of morality.

Answer 13

conscience

Question 14

He asserts that what is human good is which is suitable for and proper to human nature

Answer 14

St. Thomas

Question 15

Accd. to him, morality is not merely a matter of knowing the good but actually doing the good habitually

Answer 15

Aristotle

Question 16

For St. Thomas, it is the proximate norm of morality

Answer 16

Human Nature

Question 17

Three Natural Inclinations of Man

Answer 17

Self-preservation, Just Dealings with Others, Propagation of the Species

Question 18

. This urges us to care for our health, not to kill ourselves or put ourselves in danger

Answer 18

Self-Preservation

Question 19

This is the basis of justice which arises out of human relations. Thus, any act of injustice is against human nature.

Answer 19

Just dealings with others

Question 20

We are obligated not to pervert this natural inclination

Answer 20

Propagation of the Species

Question 21

Determinants of Morality

Answer 21

Object, Circumstances, End of Agent

Question 22

It is considered as the Act itself

Answer 22

Object

Question 23

These are conditions which, when superadded to the nature of the moral act, will affect its morality.

Answer 23

Circumstances

Question 24

It answers the question of who, what, where, by what means, why, how and when

Answer 24

Circumstances

Question 25

It is taken in the sense of end or purpose of the agent or the doer

Answer 25

End of the Agent

Question 26

Accd to the Kantian theory, right and wrong is determined by ____, giving universal duties

Answer 26

rationality

Question 27

a Non-consequentialist moral theory

Answer 27

Kantianism

Question 28

Accd to this theory, there is “the supreme principle of morality”

Answer 28

Kantian Theory

Question 29

The basic idea is that we should adopt as action-guiding rules only those that can be universally accepted

Answer 29

Principle of Universability

Question 30

connected to Kantianism and are Non-consequentialist

Answer 30

right-based views,

Question 31

It is one in which the corresponding duty requires positive action, e.g., giving a charitable donation in order to sustain someone’s right to life, shelter, education, etc.

Answer 31

Positive Right

Question 32

It is one in which the corresponding duty merely requires refraining from doing something that will harm someone.

Answer 32

Negative Right

Question 33

a normative ethical theory that places the locus of right and wrong solely on the outcomes (consequences) of choosing one action/policy over other actions/policies.

Answer 33

Utilitarianism

Question 34

it moves beyond the scope of one’s own interests and takes into account the interests of others

Answer 34

Utilitarianism

Question 35

Jeremy Bentham’s Principle of Utility

Answer 35

Recognizes the fundamental role of pain and pleasure in human life, Approves or disapproves of action on the basis of the amount of pain or pleasure brought about i.e, consequences, Equates good with pleasure and evil with pain, and Asserts that pleasure and pain are capable of quantification

Question 36

What are Bentham’s criteria In measuring pleasure and pain

Answer 36

Intensity, Duration, Certainty/Uncertainty, and Nearness/Farness (also includes fecundity and purity)

Question 37

In the context of Bentham’s principle of utility, in considering actions that affect numbers of people, we must also account for its ____

Answer 37

Extent

Question 38

According to John Stuart Mill, utilitarianism refers to ___

Answer 38

the Greatest Happiness Principle

Question 39

applying the principle of utility to PARTICULAR ACTIONS

Answer 39

act-utilitarianism

Question 40

applying the principle of utility to General Rules

Answer 40

rule-utilitarianism

Question 41

In here, the principle of utility is applied directly to each alternative act in a situation of choice

Answer 41

Act-Utilitarianism

Question 42

In here, the principle of utility is used to determine the validity of rules of conduct (moral principles)

Answer 42

Rule-Utilitarianism

Question 43

the world-wide integration of government policies, cultures, social movements, and financial markets through trade and the exchange of ideas

Answer 43

Globalization

Question 44

intensification of worldwide relationships which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa

Answer 44

Globalization

Question 45

It is the stress on trans-nationalization of the connections taking place in the world today.

Answer 45

Globalization

Question 46

s defined as a form of an applied ethics that examines moral principles concerning business environment

Answer 46

Business Ethics

Question 47

What are some issues related to business Ethics?

Answer 47

duplication/ imitation of products, child labor, money laundering, environmental issues