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Ethics > Ethics - Module 10-14 (1) > Flashcards

Ethics - Module 10-14 (1) Flashcards

1
Q

foundation of morality

A

reason

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2
Q

ability of the mid to think, understand, and form judgments

A

Reason

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3
Q

It is an innate and exclusive human ability that utilizes new or existing information as bases to consciously make sense out of thing while applying logic

A

Reason

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4
Q

It is also associated with thinking, cognition, and intellect

A

Reason

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5
Q

According to De Guzman, this spells the difference of moral judgments from the mere expressions of personal preference.

A

Reason

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6
Q

In focusing on attitudes and feelings, both ___ fail to accomplish this important thing.

A

Emotivism and Subjectivism

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7
Q

It manifests objectivity, the quality of being unbiased and objective in creating moral decision

A

Impartiality

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8
Q

involves the idea that each individual’s interest and point of view are equally important

A

Impartiality

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9
Q

Impartiality is also called?

A

evenhandedness or fair-mindedness

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10
Q

principle of justice holding that decisions ought to be based on objective criteria, rather than on the basis of bias, prejudice, or preferring the benefits to one person over another for improper reasons

A

Impartiality

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11
Q

a response to stimuli based on past experiences which is made instinctively

A

Emotion

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12
Q

a form of personal justification which changes from person to person based on their own ethical and moral code, as well as prior experience

A

Reason

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13
Q

result of logical analysis through which we first analyze someone’s behavior, make an appropriate judgment, and then feel whichever is called for, respect or contempt

A

Emotion

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14
Q

Feeling-Based Theories in Ethics

A

Ethical Subjectivism and Emotivism

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15
Q

This theory basically utter runs contrary to the principle that there is objectivity in morality.

A

Ethical Subjectivism

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16
Q

Fundamentally a meta-ethically theory, it is not about what things are good and what are things are bad. Instead, it is a theory about the nature or moral judgments

A

Ethical Subjectivism

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17
Q

m holds that there are no objective moral properties and that ethical statements are in fact arbitrary because they do not express immutable truths.

A

Ethical Subjectivism

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18
Q

Different variants under ethical subjectivism

A

Simple Subjectivism, Individualist Subjectivism, Moral/Ethical Relativism, and Ideal Observer Theory

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19
Q

the view that ethical statements reflect sentiments, personal preferences and feelings rather than objective facts.

A

Simple Subjectivism

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20
Q

the view (originally put forward by Protagoras) that there are as many distinct scales of good and evil as there are individuals in the world.

A

Individualist Subjectivism

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21
Q

maintains that every human being ought to pursue what is in his or her self-interest exclusively

A

Egoism

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22
Q

It is effectively a form of egoism

A

Individualist Subjectivism

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23
Q

the view that for a thing to be morally right is for it to be approved of by society, leading to the conclusion that different things are right for people in different societies and different periods in history

A

Moral Relativism

24
Q

the view that what is right is determined by the attitudes that a hypothetical ideal observer would have

A

Ideal Observer Theory

25
Q

refers to a theory about moral judgments, sentences, words, and speech acts, and is sometimes extended to cover aesthetic and other nonmoral forms of evaluation.

A

Emotivism

26
Q

the name of only the earliest version of ethical noncognitivism

A

Emotivism

27
Q

the most popular form of non-cognitivism

A

Emotivism

28
Q

meta-ethical theory that claims that ethical sentences do not convey authentic propositions

A

Non-cognitivism

29
Q

precepts for making right decisions accd to Pillemer & Wheeler (2010)

A

Don’t accept the problem as given, Listen to both your heart and head, Watch your language, Take special care in dimly lit places, Be modest about your virtue, Understand why others transgress, Don’t give up on yourself (or on others)

30
Q

seven-step moral reasoning model

A

Stop and think, Clarify Goals, Determine Facts, Develop options, Consider Consequences, Choose, Monitor and Modify

31
Q

faculty or process of drawing logical syllogism

A

Reason

32
Q

process of drawing out conclusion from the previous knowledge

A

Reasoning

33
Q

According to Immanuel Kant, it is the power of producing into oneness, by means of understandable theories, the concepts that are provided by the intellect or the mind.

A

reason

34
Q

three points in Kant’ reason

A

the relation of reason to empirical truth, reason’s role in scientific inquiry, and the positive gains that come from appreciating reason’s limits

35
Q

a force to pursue what one possesses in mind

A

good will

36
Q

a faculty of the mind that at the moment of decision is always present

A

will

37
Q

source of reason

A

good will

38
Q

the system through which we determine right and wrong conduct

A

Morality

39
Q

Philosophical study of morality

A

Ethics

40
Q

a structured set of statements used to explain (or predict) a set of facts or concepts

A

Theory

41
Q

explains why a certain action is wrong – or why we ought to act in certain ways.

A

Moral Theory

42
Q

provide the framework upon which we think and discuss in a reasoned way, and to evaluate, specific moral issues

A

Moral theory

43
Q

Theories of Morality

A

Moral Subjectivism, Cultural relativism, Ethical Egoism, Divine Command Theory, Virtue Ethics, Feminist Ethics, Utilitarianism, Kantian Theory, Contractarianism

44
Q

It is where right or wrong are determined by what you – the subject – just happens to think (or ‘feel’) is right or wrong. This is simply based on your personal assessment and judgment.

A

Moral subjectivism

45
Q

amounts to the denial of moral principles of any significant kind, and the possibility of moral criticism and argumentation.

A

Moral Subjectivism

46
Q

In this theory, Right and wrong is determined by the particular set of principles or rules the relevant culture just happens to hold at the time

A

Cultural relativism

47
Q

This is also based on the idea that different people have different cultures that are why right or wrong is based on how one’s culture dictates morality

A

Cultural relativism

48
Q

In this theory, Right and wrong is determined by what is in your self-interest. Or, it is immoral to act contrary to your self-interest.

A

Ethical Egoism

49
Q

In this theory, Right and wrong come from the commands of God (or the gods)

A

Divine Command Theory

50
Q

In this theory, Right and wrong are characterized in terms of acting in accordance with the traditional virtues – making a good person

A

Virtue Ethics

51
Q

In this theory, Right and wrong are to be found in women’s responses to the relationship of caring

A

Feminist Ethics

52
Q

In this theory, Right and wrong is determined by the overall goodness (utility) of the consequences of the action.

A

Utilitarianism

53
Q

the highest good/end

A

summum bonum

54
Q

characterized as the ideal of working towards the greatest happiness of the greatest number

A

Principle of Utility’ ( ‘The Greatest Happiness Principle’)

55
Q

In this theory, Right and wrong are determined by rationality, giving universal duties.

A

Kantian Theory

56
Q

In this theory, the principles of right and wrong (or Justice) are those which everyone in society would agree upon in forming a social contract.

A

Contractarianism

Ethics (8 decks)

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