Ethics, Legal, And Risk Managment Flashcards
System of principles and virtues that govern the actions of the nurse in relation to patients, families, the community, other health care providers, policy makers and society
Nursing Ethics
Interdisciplinary approach within the health care system that continues to evolve with research and modern medicine
Bioethics
Personal guide to worth which acts as a guide to human behavior
Values
Framework for which actions are based
Value system
Intentional self discovery to determine how values impact care
Values clarification
___________ is formulated from our core values and a blend of both personal and professional ethical values
Moral development
What we define as acceptable and unacceptable behavior, the points at which we demonstrate our tolerance and intolerance for dilemmas we encounter
Personal code of ethics
Characteristics of ethics
Concerned with values and beliefs of individuals, internal to oneself, concerned with motives and attitudes (why did the person do what they did?), enforced by ethics committees and professional organizations
Characteristics of law
Rules and regulations for society at a whole, external to oneself, concerned with conduct and actions (what did the person do?), enforced by courts and statutes and administration bodies
__________ requires the nurse to defend and speak on behalf of patient’s legal rights
Advocacy
The right of the patient to be self-determining and speak to his or her preferences and desired outcomes
Autonomy
Everyone deserves equal rights and opportunities, including health care
Social justice
The fair and equitable allocation of resources
Distributive justice
Example of distributive justice
Medical care and SS to all elderly
The distribution of any needed service, treatment, or procedure that is in short supply to those who need it in accordance with a set of rules that assures fair distribution
Rationing
Nursing examples of autonomy
Informed consent, right to choose/refuse treatment
Principle of doing no harm , physically and mentally
Non-maleficence
Example of non-maleficence
Not providing adequate pin management can be both physically and mentally distressing
The moral consideration to do good
Beneficence
Examples of beneficence
Patient advocacy, proper pain management, sitting at bedside with dying patient who is alone
Inherent worth of every human regardless of age, disability, ethnicity, sexual orientation, or socioeconomic status
Human dignity
Concern for the welfare of others
Altruism
Principle of truth telling essentially for establishing and maintaining trust
Veracity
Examples of ethical dilemmas concerned with life
Abortion, genetic engineering, cloning
Example of ethical dilemmas concerned with death
Assisted suicide
Examples of ethical dilemmas concerned with resources
Health care (right or privilege?), scarcity/rationing
A health care provider neglects to provide appropriate treatment, take proper actions, or gives substandard treatment that causes harm, injury, or death to a person
Medical malpractice
Requirements for medical malpractice
Must have a duty to act, must be a breach of that duty, must be harm connected to breach of duty
Common types of errors
Misdiagnosis, delayed diagnosis, wrong treatment or medications
Reducing the risk of errors
Following guidelines and standard of care, hand washing, double checking meds, time out (right patient, surgery, and side), patient identification, reporting issues as soon as they happen including a near miss situation
An unexpected occurrence involving death or serious injury to a patient requiring and investigation into these events
Sentinel events
Investigation used to identify factors contributing to sentinel events that result in injury or death after the event has already happened
Root Cause Analysis (RCA)
Investigation that fosters safety and the prevention of errors and accidents through proactive process of identifying or real failures, causes, and effects
Failure Mode Effects Analysis (FMEA)
Two types of investigations
RCA and FMEA
Mission of the Oklahoma Board of Nursing (OBON)
Public protection through nursing regulation upheld by both the board staff and board members
Who does the board of nursing regulate?
APRNs, RNs, LPNs, AUAs
The performance of services provided for purposes of nursing diagnosis and treatment including execution of the medical regime such as the administration of medications or treatments prescribed by any person authorized by state law to prescribe
Practice of Nursing
Roles of the registered nurse
Assessing and analyzing health status and data, establishing goals, planning and implementing care, evaluating interventions and patient responses , delegating, managing, and supervising care, providing safe and effective care, teaching nursing knowledge and skills
Health care professional that practices under the supervision of a registered nurse, physician, or dentist
Licensed practical nurse (LPN)
Roles of the LPN
Collecting data to contribute to assessment, participating is development of plan of care, providing safe and effective care, delegating care to unlicensed assistants, participating in evaluation of responses, teaching basic nursing and skills, performing additional nursing procedures in accordance with knowledge and skills acquired through education beyond nursing preparation
Difference between RN and LPN
RN implements the plan of care
Health care professional that works in an assistive role in acute care facilities under the supervision of an RN or LPN, after completing a 200 hr training program
Advanced Unlicensed Assistant (AUA)
Advanced Practice Nurses (APRNs) must complete a graduate degree in at least one of which approved population foci?
CRNA, Certified nurse midwife, clinical nurse specialist, certified nurse practitioner
Characteristics of the Nursing Practice Act and Rules
A document that evolves over time, updated or amended as changes in practice occur, life-long learning experience
How to protect your nursing license
Do not drink and drive, no drugs, know and follow organization policies, and ask if you don’t know
