Chronicity & SDOH Flashcards
A health problem that goes on for an extended period of time, existing for at least 3 months to 1 year
Chronic health problem
Any physical or mental/behavioral problem that can cause a disability
Disabling health problem
A disadvantage that results from a disability that substantially limits one or more activities of daily living
Handicap
The continuous process of learning to live with and manage chronic and disabling conditions, often those resulting from trauma
Rehabilitation
What is the primary desired outcome of rehabilitation?
For the client to return to their highest level of functioning
Chronicity risk factors
65+, lack of access to quality health care, lifestyle, multiple comorbidities
Chronic disruptions in children
Depression and anxiety in adulthood
Interventions for chronic disruptions in children
Address mental health issues early, social engagement with other children, family-centered approach including parents
Interventions for chronic disruptions in older adults
Control symptoms and maintain comfort, address depression, maximize functional capability
Framework for providing care for patients with chronic illness
Chronic Care Model
What are the 6 elements of the Chronic Care Model?
Health system, delivery system design, decision support, clinical information systems, self-management support, community
Which element of the chronic care model focuses on safety and quality of care?
Health system
Which element of the chronic care model occurs in a variety of settings and focuses on prevention through evidence-based practice centered on patients?
Delivery system design
The element of Delivery System Design in the Chronic Care Model is occurs most importantly in what setting?
Community
Element of the chronic care model used by healthcare providers that implements evidence-based guidelines, patient education, and encourages patients to take active participation in their care
Decision support
Element of the chronic care model that maintains, shares, and communicates patient health information among providers and patients to ensure effective communication and quality patient care
Clinical information systems
Element of the chronic care model that requires healthcare providers to collaborate with patients and empower patients to take responsibility for the management of their chronic disease
Self-management support
Element of the chronic care model that helps develop partnerships to enhance the effectiveness of chronic disease management programs
Community
Act that established the federal administration on aging
Older Americans Act of 1965
Act that provides protection against discrimination for people with disabilities
Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
Act that requires clients are given written information regarding their legal options for treatment choices should they become incapacitated (ex: advanced directives, living will, power of attorney)
Patient Self-Determination Act of 1990
Act that provides job protection and continuous health benefits for people who need extended leave for their illnesses
Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) of 1993
A reform act that was enacted to focus on welfare reform
Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act 1996
Acts that expanded the healthcare marketplace, particularly for insurance (such as Medicare & Medicaid), setting maximum out-of-pocket expenditures that people were allowed to pay
- Health Care and Education Affordability Reconciliation Act of 2010
- Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010
Interventions aimed at preventing a disease before it occurs or is diagnosed
Primary Prevention
Examples of primary prevention
Education (diet, exercise, lifestyle modifications such as smoking and alcohol intake) & immunizations
Interventions providing early detection of diseases
Secondary prevention
Example of secondary prevention
Screening
Interventions focused on slowing or stopping the disease process and its complications after the disease has been diagnosed
Tertiary prevention
Examples of tertiary prevention
Rehabilitation, support groups
Recommended physical activity for adults
150 min of moderate intensity activity/week OR 75 min of vigorous aerobic activity/week
Recommended physical activity for children
60 min of moderate to vigorous activity/day
Recommended physical activity for older adults with limited mobility
Activity to enhance balance 3 or more days per week
Recommended physical activity for ALL ages
Strengthening exercises 2 or more days per week
A health diet should limit intake of
Sugar, total fat, sodium
A healthy diet involves increasing intake of
Fruit and vegetable servings each day
What two factors should be balanced to attain a normal weight?
Dietary food intake and physical activity
What is the priority goal of the Joint Commission 2024
To improve health care equity and patient safety
What are the 5 social determinants of health?
Education Access and Quality, Health Care Access and Quality, Neighborhood/Environment, Social and Community Context, Economic Stability
__________ is achieved when every person can attain their health potential, and no one is disadvantaged
Health equity
The ability to understand, appreciate, and work with people from cultures other than your own
Cultural competence
Four components of cultural competence
Cultural: awareness, knowledge, skill, and encounter
