Ethics Knowledge Needed Flashcards
Utilitarian position CSR
Deny community aspect but accept environmental aspect. Bentham - minimum wage, but generally against restrictions of the free market
Friedman position
No CSR - only responsibility is profit while staying legal
CSR = ‘hypocritical window dressing’
All you need are free choice and transparency
Ford Pinto
$49.5 million for all deaths, $140 million to repair all cars
Adam Smith on GEIGB
Long term ethics improves reputation so should do it - utilitarian perspective. Ultimately focussed on profit because he wrote about the alienation of products etc.
Give two examples of whistleblowing
Sherron Watkins at Enron - using ‘raptor’ accounts to hide massive losses, overstating $591 million dollars of profit
Frances Haugen - ‘Facebook Files’ - ‘we make body issues worse for one in three girls’
PepsiCo two key terms
Countertrade - had to get money out by investing in government-run farms (slave labour etc)
Constructive engagement - hoped their involvement would pressure the military to change their ways
Bangladesh factory
Rana Plaza - collapsed
Free trade and poverty statistics
Extreme poverty - 70% in 1960 vs 17% in 2012
Strong Sanctity of Life evidence
1 Corinthians 6:19 - your body is a temple…
Human life is a gift or loan - Job (Augustine says if anyone kills themselves they are unwilling to suffer as Job did)
Thou shalt not murder
Imago dei!
Evangelium Vitae - ‘culture of death’.
Slippery Slope
- Anthony Fisher - euthanasia continues to get extended. Holland - euthanasia legalised for terminally ill but ten years later extended to babies with severe illnesses.
- Culture of death - 2022, two Canadians who had mental conditions but who had insufficient financial support applies for euthanasia. (Criticism of society which doesn’t give enough support)
- Eugenics threat if rules are not enforced completely?
- Undermines respect for human life!
Quality of Life
Happiness, autonomy and consciousness
Peter Singer on QoL
Human is not necessarily a person
Peter Singer QOL commandments
- Human life value varies
- Take responsibility for the consequences of your actions
- Respect a person’s desire to live or die
- Bring children into the world only if they are wanted
- Do not discriminate on the basis of species
3 criticisms of NL
- ‘Do not act as if they really believe it’
- Outdated?
- Difference between forseen and intended effects!
Counters to Situation Ethics on Euthanasia
- Love is subjective and hard to measure
- People are not perfectly loving so will do cruel and selfish things
Diane Pretty
- Diane Pretty - paralysed from the neck down with motor neurone disease
- ECHR - asked to die ‘with dignity’
- Johnathon Crow - ‘right to die’ is not a corollary of the ‘right to life’
Frank Lund
- Killed his wife after she begged him to kill her (irritable bowel condition made her life miserable)
- Found guilty of murder and sentenced to life though had to serve three years
- ‘Decision to smother her was out of a misguided feeling of loyalty’
Lawson Case
- Sarah Lawson = severely depressed
- Father killed her with 30 anti-depressants then suffocated her with a pillow
- Suspended sentence
Devlin
Invisible bonds of common thought
Societies have a right to impose moral standards by law, to eradicate vices that are so abominable that their mere presence is an offence
Private actions affect the public
(Debate against H.L.A Hart)
Counter to Oedipus Complex
Malinowski - female tribes!
C.L. Stephenson
H.A. Prichard
W.D. Ross
Ethics and Language
Moral Obligation
The Right and the Good
Alan Gerwith, Reason and Morality
Principle of Generic Consistency
Kant on Two Loves
Sexual Love and Human love - can only be combined in marriage
