Ethics in Health Care

Question 1

principles, rules, guidelines, laws, codes attempting to find out what is the right thing to do

Answer 1

ethics

Question 2

discipline that examines one’s moral standards or standards of the society

Answer 2

ethics

Question 3

standards that an individual or group has about what is right and rong, good or bad

Answer 3

morality

Question 4

deals with matters that we think can seriously injure or seriously benefit humans
based on impartial considerations

Answer 4

moral standards

Question 5

focus: me

punishment, reward, reciprocity

Answer 5

pre-conventional stage

Question 6

moral development

stage 1

Answer 6

reward and punishment

Question 7

Heinz shouldn’t steal because he will get caught

Answer 7

stage 1

reward and punishment

Question 8

moral development
stage 2
sense of empathy

Answer 8

individualism and exchange

Question 9

Heinz should steal because that’s his wife’s life at stake

Answer 9

stage 2

individualism and exchange

Question 10

focus: group/others
familiar society
loyalty to the group is important to the point of sacrificing own self

Answer 10

conventional stage

Question 11

moral development
stage 3
earn approval by being nice or having good intentions

Answer 11

interpersonal concordance

Question 12

it is ok for Heinz to steal the drug because he was trying to save his wife’s life

Answer 12

stage 3

interpersonal concordance

Question 13

moral development
stage 4
rules that are needed for the good of all/most

Answer 13

law and order

Question 14

i recognize Heinz motive was good but I don’t think he should steal because if everyone who needed something just stole it, then there would be chaos

Answer 14

stage 4

law and order

Question 15

global perspective
examines values and norms of his/her group
redefines in tems of self-chosen moral principles such as justice

Answer 15

post-conventional stage

Question 16

aware that people in a society hold conflicting views
believes all values and norms are relative and should be tolerated
emphasizes fair ways for reaching a consensus through democratic means

Answer 16

stage 5

social contract and individual rights

Question 17

while i don’ agree with Heinz’s decision to steal, i do believe the wife’s right to life takes precedence over the druggist’s property rights

Answer 17

stage 5

social contract and individual rights

Question 18

commitment to the universal principles of equal rights, social justice and respect for basic dignity

Answer 18

stage 6

universal principles

Question 19

i suggest that Heinz, the wife, and the pharmacist act out each other’s roles so that the pharmacist may see the wife’s right to life has a higher value than the right to property.

Answer 19

stage 6

universal principles

Question 20

proponent of the anatomy of an ethical decision

Answer 20

manuel velasquez

Question 21

5 ethical frameworks

Answer 21

utilitarianism
Kantian ethics
virtue ethics
ethics of care
christian ethics

Question 22

actions and politics reevaluated based on benefits and costs they will impose on society

Answer 22

utilitarianism

Question 23

merits of utilitarianism

Answer 23

simple
intuitive
impartial
efficient

Question 24

true/flase

in utilitaranism, the end justifies the means

Answer 24

true

Question 25

principles of the categorical imperative

Answer 25

principle of universality | principle of humanity

Question 26

applied to anybody

Answer 26

universality

Question 27

what if everybody did that? how would you like it if he did that to you?

Answer 27

reversability

Question 28

never use humans as a means to an end point but as an end

Answer 28

humanity

Question 29

derived from rationality | ethics of duty

Answer 29

Kantian ethics

Question 30

categorical imperative can be safely prescribed as a law for everyone

Answer 30

Kantian ethics

Question 31

action is right if it is what a virtuous person would do

Answer 31

virtue ethics

Question 32

main proponents of virtue ethics

Answer 32

socrates, plato, aristotle

Question 33

characteristics which make a person the best he/she could be

Answer 33

virtue

Question 34

morality is based on what will bring about the best that a person can be emphasis not on action to be take out but on what can be done to produce the sort of character that instinctively does the right thing

Answer 34

virtue ethics

Question 35

action should emanate particular care of relationships

Answer 35

ethics of care

Question 36

proponent of ethics of care

Answer 36

carol giligan

Question 37

sees fundamental value of concrete communities and communal relationships that should be preserved and maintained

Answer 37

communitarian ethics

Question 38

we exists in a web of relationships and thus must preserve that web as best as we could tailor fit according to the community you are working with

Answer 38

ethics of care

Question 39

5 central values in ethics of care

Answer 39

``` moral attention sympathetic understanding relationship awareness accommodation response ```

Question 40

there is recognition of the existence of a supernatural being, whose existence is a fact

Answer 40

christian ethics

Question 41

christian ethics vs. kantian ethics

Answer 41

agrees with universality and humanity | not as rigid and reason-based

Question 42

christian ethics vs. virtue ethics

Answer 42

agrees with importance of forming the character of the decision maker self-actualization is not the ultimate goal but a by-product of putting God first

Question 43

christian ethics vs. ethics of care

Answer 43

similar (call to love one's neighbor) | when conflicting, love of God takes precedence over love of neighbor

Question 44

christian ethics vs. utilitarianism

Answer 44

both weigh things | difference in the definition of the good

Question 45

utility is calculated through the 6 variables

Answer 45

bentham's hedonic calculus

Question 46

6 variables in calculating utility according to bentham's hedonic calculus

Answer 46

``` intensity duration certainty proximity fecundity purity ```

Question 47

chance of being followed by similar sensations

Answer 47

fecundity

Question 48

chance of being followed by sensations of the opposite kind

Answer 48

purity

Question 49

4 principles of ethcis

Answer 49

nonmaleficence beneficence respect for autonomy justice

Question 50

do no harm

Answer 50

nonmaleficence

Question 51

one ought to provide benefits for others

Answer 51

beneficence

Question 52

one ought to balance benefits with risk to produce the best overall results

Answer 52

net utility

Question 53

one ought to act in such a way taht enables another person to act fully in accordance with his/her self-chosen plan

Answer 53

respect for autonomy

Question 54

autonomy is present if the person has

Answer 54

liberty | agency

Question 55

free from controlling influences

Answer 55

liberty

Question 56

has capacity for intentional action

Answer 56

agency

Question 57

one ought to give what is due a person

Answer 57

justice

Question 58

angeles model for ethical reasoning

Answer 58

``` gather the facts identify stakeholders articulate the dilemma list the alternatives compare values determine consequences behind options make a decision ```

Question 59

UNESCO model for ethical decision-making

Answer 59

``` fact deliberation value deliberation duty deliberation test of consistency final decision ```