Ethics + Human Factors

Question 1

Patients can ___ any treatment but cannot ___ treatment

Answer 1

refuse any (doesnt have to be logical or correct)
can't demand

Question 2

factors to consider when assessing capacity

Answer 2

understands the options
weighs up benefits and risks
retain information
communicates decision

Question 3

requirements for valid consent (3)

Answer 3

capacity
information
voluntary

Question 4

in emergency the treatment chosen without consent must ___

Answer 4

be the least restrictive of patient’s future choices

Question 5

DAWN stands for

Answer 5

Diabetes Attitudes, Wishes and Needs

Question 6

hormonal effects of distress

Answer 6

increases NA and cortisol

decreases insulin release

Question 7

Illness cognition =

Answer 7

patient’s own common sense beliefs about their disease

Question 8

Illness representations =

acquired through

Answer 8

organised conceptions of illness

experience, socialising and healthcare and media

Question 9

3 stages of self-regulatory model of illness cognitions

Answer 9

interpretation, coping and appraisal => patient’s emotional response to illness

Question 10

5 Ds of illness representation

Answer 10

identity (label illness and sympts)
perceived cause
timeline
consequences
curability and controllability

Question 11

p value =

Answer 11

probability this occurred due to chance

Question 12

confidence interval =

Answer 12

the range the true value probably lies in

Question 13

Poisson distribution expresses p of a given number of events occurring ____

Answer 13

in a fixed interval if the events occur with a known average rate and independently of the time since the last event

Question 14

Type 1 statistical error =

Answer 14

rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true

Question 15

Type 2 statistical error =

Answer 15

accepting null hypothesis when it is false

Question 16

statistical power =

Answer 16

probability of correctly rejecting a false null hypothesis

Question 17

a large ___ and ___ cause greater statistical power and therefore result in a ___

Answer 17

effect size (a big difference) sample size
smaller confidence interval

Question 18

relative risk =

Answer 18

incidence in exposed/incidence in not exposed

Question 19

absolute risk=

Answer 19

risk in exposed-risk in non-exposed

Question 20

person responsible for protecting the confientiality of a patient and allowing appropriate data sharing

Answer 20

Caldicott Guardian