Biochemistry

Question 1

polyuria : urine output is >= ___L/day

Answer 1

3L

Question 2

causes of polyuria and polydispsia

Answer 2

DI
nephrogenic
neurogenic
diuretics
UTI
compulsive drinking
hypercalcaemia
low K+
metabolic
DM

Question 3

must not be __/___ deficient otherwise water deprivation test give uninterpretable results

Answer 3

thyroid/steroid

Question 4

in water deprivation test if lose ___ of wt then = DI

Answer 4

> 3%

Question 5

PRL can ___ with pituitary stalk pressure/tumour

Answer 5

increase

Question 6

bleeding into/impaired blood supply to the pituitary =

Answer 6

pituitary apoplexy

Question 7

Rx for pituitary apoplexy

Answer 7

usually self-contained so just give hormone replacement

Question 8

low Na+, high K+, high urea and creatinine suggests

Answer 8

Addisons

Question 9

hbp with low K+ = suspect

Answer 9

Conn’s

Question 10

low Na+, K+ and urea suggests ___

Answer 10

SIADH

Question 11

causes of SIADH

Answer 11

small cell lung cancer
ciprofloxacin
sarcoid
chlorpropamide

Question 12

Rx for SIADH

Answer 12

fluid restrict
demeclocycline (Abx that decreases collecting tubule responsiveness)
tolvaptan (vasopressor receptor agonist - expensive)

Question 13

a vasopressor receptor agonist

Answer 13

tolvaptan

Question 14

rehydrating hyponatraemia too quickly can cause __

Answer 14

CPM

central pontine myelinolysis