Ethics

Question 1

Name the 4 principles of ethics

Answer 1

Justice, non maleficence, beneficence, respect for autonomy

Question 2

Describe Justice, a principle of ethics

Answer 2

Must be fair

Question 3

Describe respect for autonomy, a principle of ethics

Answer 3

This ethical principle is the recognition that a person has
the attribute of being self-governing and self-determining; that adults with
capacity have, as a result, the right to exercise their own choices from the
treatment options available; and that it is the duty of health care providers to
respect this, whether or not they take the same view as the patient.

Question 4

Describe Beneficence, a principle of ethics

Answer 4

Treatment must be in the patients best interests

Question 5

Describe non-maleficence, a principle of ethics

Answer 5

The benefits must outweigh the risks

Question 6

Give some examples of qualities a person must have in order to have ‘Capacity

Answer 6

1. Must be able to make informed and reasonable decision
2. Must be able to understand decisions
3. Must be able to communicate and express their decisions
4. Must be able to act upon their decision
   4.

Question 7

Give examples of valid consent

Answer 7

1. Valid and legal - in date and only for treatment that is specified
2. Person must have capacity
3. Consent must be voluntary - has to be a person’s own choice
4. Consent must not be coerced - it has to be their own choice
5. Patient must be fully informed and understand what they are consenting too

Question 8

Define capacity

Answer 8

Capacity is the power to act, including making our own decisions for
ourselves according to our own reasoning, the ability to communicate our
decision (with whatever assistance as may be required), having an
understanding of the implications of our decision, and retaining the memory
of our decision (for long enough).

Question 9

Define consent

Answer 9

Consent for a medical procedure is authorisation given by a patient who has
capacity; to whom all relevant information has been communicated
regarding their medical condition, the details of the management plan, and
the risks of the proposed treatment; and who gives the consent voluntarily
(it is the patient’s own willing decision that they are free to change at any
time), without coercion (force or pressure), and without being manipulated
(led or induced).