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ethics Flashcards

1
Q

can be provisionally
described as the empirical study of moral decisions.
It is a discipline concerned with what is morally good
and evil, right and wrong.

A

Ethics or moral philosophy

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2
Q

derived from the Greek word “ethos” which may
mean

A

tradition, habit, character, or attitude.

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3
Q

which concerns human
behavior in general, is to address our questions
about the essence of human behavior.

A

Normative ethics

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4
Q

2 Fields of Normative Ethics

A

Moral philosophy, applied ethics

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5
Q

deals with moral
ideas such as what human beings
“must do or how human beings
should be.”

A

Moral philosophy

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6
Q

is a philosophy that
discusses strong and basic moral
issues linked to abortion.

A

Applied ethics

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7
Q

refer to the guidelines we
have on the types of acts that we find to be morally
permissible and morally unacceptable

A

Moral standards

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8
Q

is a discipline that relies on meaning.
It is a science that is seeking to address non-moral
questions about morality

A

Meta-ethics

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9
Q

on the contrary,
apply to laws which are not related to social or legal
considerations.

A

Non-moral standards

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10
Q

is a Decorum propriety means
reverence for the formal criteria governing conduct
in a civilized society.

A

Etiquette

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11
Q

are the basis of the capacity of an
individual to distinguish between right and wrong.

A

Values

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12
Q

refers to a situation that
causes an organization to respond
negatively or positively to an ethical issue
that affects staff, shareholders, and society,
as well as corporate ethics and customers.

A

organizational
ethical dilemma

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13
Q

pertains to a
situation where individuals confront with a
number of factors such as peer pressure,
personal financial position, an economic and
social status which may influence all
individual ethical standards.

A

individual
ethical or moral dilemma

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14
Q

is part of every individual’s life. It is
just a query as to whether an individual remains
aware of doing what is good and what is right.

A

Socialization

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15
Q

selecting a proper system of responsibilities
and relationships, which is a continuing
universal challenge.

A

structural moral dilemma

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15
Q

The
conflict between the distribution of jobs and the
organization of numerous activities generates a
classic dilemma.

A

Differentiation vs. Integration

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16
Q

When the main tasks are not
explicitly defined, the critical job will slip through
gaps.

A

Gap vs Overlap

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17
Q

When
employees are not clear about what they are
expected to do, they often adapt their tasks to
personal interests instead of system-wide goals that
often lead to problems.

A

Lack of Clarity vs. Lack of Creativity

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18
Q

Interdependence When individuals or groups are too
independent, they are always isolated.

A

Excessive Autonomy vs. Excessive

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19
Q

Good will is
unique as it is always good and retains its
moral values even though it fails to
achieve its moral intentions.

A

GOOD WILL AND DUTY

20
Q

Kant believes that perfect duty is more
important than an imperfect duty: when a
conflict of duty arises, perfect duty must
be carried out

A

PERFECT AND IMPERFECT DUTIES

21
Q

command
unconditionally. Irrespective of our
wishes or desires, a categorical
imperative binds us as everyone has a
responsibility not to lie, regarless of
conditions and even though it is in our
interest to do so.

A

Categorical imperative

22
Q

When anyone
acts, it’s a maxim, or a principle.

A

UNIVERSALIZABILITY

23
Q

The
second interpretation of Kant’s
Categorical Imperative is to view life as
an end in itself: “Act in such a way that
you treat humanity, whether in your own
person or in the person of another,
always at the same time as an end and
never simply as a means.”(Immanuel
Kant, Groundwork fo the Metaphysics of
Morals)

A

HUMANITY AS AN END IN ITSELF

24
Q

provides that “the rules of taxation
shall be uniform and equal” and that “a democratic
system of taxation shall be established by the
Congress.”

A

Constitution: Article VI, Section 28 of the
Constitution

25
Q

the major sources of revenue for
local government units

A

Local laws

26
Q

enacted as Republic Act No. 8424 or the
Tax Reform Act of 1997

A

National law National Internal Revenue
Code

27
Q

Kant’s definition of freedom is

A

the right to
control one’s actions based on reason, not desire

28
Q

According to________-, culture is at the root of
human alienation from the environment.

A

Kohak (1984)

29
Q

he defined culture as a concept that refers
to a broad and diverse collection of often intangible
areas of social life.

A

Cole (2019)

30
Q

he introduced culture as the collective
knowledge and schemes generated by a group of
people to perceive, view, convey, and react to the
social realities around them.

A

Lederach,(1995)

31
Q

he explicated culture as the
characteristics and awareness of a specific
community of people, including language, religion,
food, social behavior, etiquette, fashion, music, and
the arts.

A

Zimmerman (2017)

32
Q

The Filipinos always try
to give an interpretation of the actions or they take
things personally.

A

Extreme Personalism

33
Q

The Filipinos
have very high family protection whether in good or
poor condition and circumstance (consentidor)
(overprotected)

A

Extreme Family Centeredness

34
Q

The Filipinos have a rather
relaxed attitude, but bad time management (famous
Filipino time).

A

Lack of Discipline

35
Q

They ‘re
demanding someone’s accomplishment, so they’re
not displaying the same flag just because of race.

A

Passivity and Lack of Initiative

36
Q

Filipinos have what we call
patriotism vs active awareness mentality.

A

Colonial Mentality

37
Q

Filipinos have selfserving attitude that generates feeling of envy and
competitiveness towards others (status vs prestige).

A

Kanya-kanya Syndrome

38
Q

Filipinos
are superficial and dreamy.

A

Lack of Self Analysis and Reflection

39
Q

it refers to good fortune;
pleasure; contentment; joy

A

Happiness

40
Q

is a freedom from disturbance;
tranquility.

A

Peace

41
Q

is the state of being free or at
liberty, freedom from control, interference,
obligation, restriction, hampering conditions,
etc

A

Freedom

42
Q

is the state of being safe; freedom
from the occurrence or risk of injury, danger,
or loss.

A

Safety

43
Q

is a capacity for learning,
reasoning, understanding, and similar forms
of mental activity

A

Intelligence

44
Q

as a formal expression or gesture
of greeting, esteem, or friendship

A

Respect

45
Q

is the state or quality of being
equal; correspondence in quantity, degree,
value, rank, or ability

A

Equality

46
Q

is the quality of being just;
righteousness, equitableness, or moral
rightness

A

Justice

47
Q

is the material world, especially as
surrounding humankind and existing
independently of human activities.

A

Nature

48
Q

is the general condition of
the body or mind with reference to
soundness and vigor: good health

A

Health

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