Ethics Flashcards
Common principles (5)
- Autonomy: take responsibility for own behaviours
- Non-maleficence: do no harm intentionally, prevent and minimise harm
- Beneficence: do good, promote wellbeing
- Justice: fairness and equality
- Fidelity: honesty and integrity
General professional conduct
Continuing education: 30 PD hour per year, including at least 10 peer consultation focused on own practice
Professional self management: self reflection, self assessment, self care
Supervision and peer consultation: minimum 10 hours supervision per year
Professional indemnity insurance - 2M single claim
Recency of practice
- minimum 250 hours of practice within 5 years
- complete program within 5 years
Principle A: respects
Repects for the rights and dignity of people
- Justice
- Informed consent
- Privacy
- Confidentiality
- Release of information
- collection of information
A Respects: justice
Avoid discrimination and prejudice
A respects: inform consent
Nature and purpose of procedures being explained
Clarifying risks
Clarifying frequency, costs and expectations
Termination of services
No need consent when:
- permitted by laws
- national health and medical research council (NHMRC) or others waived requirement in respect to research
A respect: confidentiality
Limits:
- client consented, legal guardian consented
- legal obligation
- immediate and specified risk of harm to IDENTIFIABLE person
- consulting supervision either de-identify or get consent
ONLY disclose info necessary to achieve purpose of disclosure
DO NOT refuse reasonable requests for client to access their files
Principle B: Propierty
Welfare of client and public over personal interest
Services that beneficial to clients
- Competence
- Record keeping
- Professional responsibility
- Provision of psych services as request by third party, to multiple clients, delegation of tasks
- Use of interpreter
- Collab w others
- Accepting clients from others
- Suspension of services, termination
- Conflicting DEMANDS ————-
- Assessment and reserach
B propriety: competence
Skills
Knowledge
Physically and mentally fit
Supervision
PD
B Propriety: record keeping
Minimum 7 years
Under 18, keep till when they turn 25
B propriety: provisional of service requested by third party, multiple clients
Explain:
- nature of relationship
- roles eg facilitator, case manager, counsellor, teacher
- probable uses of info obtained
- limits to confidentiality
- financial arrangements
B propriety: use of interpreter
Take reasonable steps to ensure:
- aware of code relevant
- not in multiple relationships (impair judgement)
- not placing client at risk of harm, exploitation
- ensure competence
B propriety: collab w others
To provide effective services
Accepting client from others:
- implications of becoming involved
- welfare of the person
- act with caution and sensitivity
B propriety: termination of service
Not competence
Not benefit
Not necessary
Need to terminate due to health etc
Take responsible steps to safeguard ongoing welfare, locate alternative sources
B propriety: conflicting demands
Clarifying nature of the conflict
Inform all parties of ethical responsibilities
Seek constructive solution that upholds the code
Consulting a senior psych
B propriety: assessment and research
Assessment: use most updated version of assessment
Research: no harm, de-identify participants
Principle C: intergrity
Honour the position
Act with decency and honesty
- Reputable behaviour
- Communication
- Conflict of INTERESTS ————
- Non-exploitation
- Authorship
- Financial arrangements
- Ethics investigation and concerns
C integrity: non exploitation
No sexual activity w client until after 2 years of termination
C integrity: financial
Honest in dealings
Making proper arrangements
NOT receiving remuneration for referring or accepting clients
C integrity: ethics investigations and concerns
Comply w ethics investigation if reasonably suspect another psych
- draw their attention through senior psych
- encourage people directly affected to report
- dont lodge, endorse lodging or trival, vexatious or unsubstantiated claims against colleagues
Mandatory reporting children
Reasonable belief or suspicion:
- child states they have been abused
- relatives, friends, states they have been abused
- professional observation
- physically injured or abused
- belief there has been failure to provide shelter, safety, supervision, nutritional needs
RESPONSIBILITY IS ON THE PERSON, not organisation they work
Mandatory reporting colleagues
4 concerns:
- impairment
- intoxication while practising
- significant departure from acceptable standards
- sexual misconduct
MUST form reasonable belief eg direct knowledge
Not same for practitioner treating practitioner
Reasonable belief
Direct knowledge
Reliable source (encourage the one with most direct knowledge to report)
Impairment
Detrimentally affects person’s capacity to practise
- treatment
- break from practice
- modified scope of practice
- strategies used to manage impacts
- compliance w monitoring and supervision
- reasonable belief that AHPRA has been notified
Advertising health service
Not false, misleading, deceptive claims
Sell personal services on their merits
Honest about what you do
Regular check and maintain compliance to ads
Impacts on audience
Not ad about Offering service for free when it is covered under medicare
Not allowed to use reviews and testimonials
Communication
Keep adequate records
Sufficient details to
- permit planning
- continuity in delivery if psych services when someone takes over
- allow review of service delivery
Stored safely
Writing reports
Mindful of who is the recipient
Not comment beyond expertise and knowledge of the clients
All written forms are considered report
Next of kin informant name on intake where possible
Keep recording dates/ times, treatment notes fee charged
Override of confidentiality need to be well documented
Discussing clients in peer consultation need to have all info de-identified
Recovered memories
Accept what the client tells
Respect reported experience
Avoid drawing premature conclusions about the accuracy of memory
Strong therapeutic relationships
Working toward acceptance of incomplete memories
Convey info about the nature of memory
Explore potential impact of provision of psych services as consequences of legal actions
Respect and accept the client decision on how to proceed
Unreported traumatic memory: appraise it as beyond competence and provide referral to appropriate agency
Do not have goal to treat recovery memories
NOT design, propose or implement and intervention to recover memories
Do NOT dismiss references to previously unreported memories
Avoid case formulation based on unknown events
Based in cognitive interview rather than leading questions, hypnosis, guided images, dream interpretation
Accurately record the sessions
Welfare of client is primary concerns
Not possible to distinguish a valid retrieved memory from a false one
Hypnosis
Focused attention
Reduced awareness
Enhance capacity for response to suggestions
Complement to therapy
Explain fully what is involved
Allow client clarifying aspects of the process
Explain:
- nature and purpose
- limitations and risks
- qualifications and experiences
- risks, adverse effects, disadvantages
- option to participate, decline or withdraw
Working w aboriginal
Mindful of peer relationships problems for adolescent aboriginal
Consult aboriginal liaison officers and district education officers
Use language medium
No known formal tests are developed for aboriginal
Have knowledge about the contexts of test taker
Do not rely solely in results - caution needed
Combined w other forms of assessment
Great risk of suicide
Sensitive to client’s responsibilities to kin, elders and community
Use local services where appropriate
Sex and gender diversity
Sex: at birth, physical
Gender: attitudes, feelings, behavioura
Terms: gender-diverse, intersex, gender-variant, transgender, transexual, genderqueer - always consult w clients before using a term
Ensure clients are treated fairly
Assist client to seek for undertaking surgical, hormonal etc interventions
Avoid assumptions about clients
Privacy Act
13 aus privacy principles by OAIC:
- open and transparent management of personal info
- anonymity and pseudonymity - treat the person anonymously unless there is legal or practical reason
- collection of solicited personal info
- dealing w unsolicited personal info
- notification if the collection of personal info
- use or disclosure of personal info
- direct marketing - dont do
- cross-boarder disclosure of personal info
- adoption use of disclose of government related identifiers (not using client medicare number as unique identifier
- quality of personal info (info is up to date)
- security of info
- access to info - respond within 30 days
- correction of info
Confidentiality extra
0-8: parents are clients
8-14: parents are clients - encourage negotiation
14+: can make inform consent, clinical judgement to decide if they can give consent
Separated family: implications of this
Focus on welfare of the child
Best interest of clients rather than guardian
