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EPPP Cards ***** > Ethics > Flashcards

Ethics Flashcards

1
Q

Principle A - Beneficence and Nonmaleficence

A

Strive to benefit those with whom you work and take care to do no harm
- includes animals
- minimized harm

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2
Q

Principle B - Fidelity and Responsibility

A

Establish relationships of faith and trust with those with whom they work
- aware of professional and scientific responsibility to society and communities work w/
- clarifying roles, conflicts of interest, consulting
- encouraged to contribute time for little or no cost

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3
Q

Principle C - Integrity

A

Promote, accuracy, honesty, truthfulness in science, teaching and practice
- publicly put out courses we teacher, don’t steal

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4
Q

Principle D - Justice

A

Everyone should have equal access to getting what we offer
- recognize fairness and justice entitle to all persons to access to and benefit from contributions of psych and equal quality in process/procedure/services

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5
Q

Principle E - Respect for People’s Rights and Dignity

A

Respect dignity and worth of all people, and rights to privacy, and self-determination
- respect differences (religion, sexual orientation, SES)
- if ethical standard establishes higher standard of conduct than is required by the law, psychologist must meet higher ethical standard

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6
Q

Competence

A

Psychologists are required to work within the boundaries of their competence which can be based on their education; training; supervised experience; consultation; study; or professional experience

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7
Q

Assume that a school principal asks a psychologist who has been hired to evaluate a student to write a report that supports the principal’s own conclusion about the student’s eligibility for special education.

A

In this situation, the psychologist is being asked to support a conclusion that has been reached by the principal rather than provide one that is based on the results of his/her own evaluation. Doing so would be unethical, and the psychologist should explain his/her ethical responsibility to the principal and refuse to comply with the principal’s request.

Misuse of Psychologists’ Work: Standard 1.01 requires psychologists to take reasonable steps to correct or minimize the misuse or misrepresentation of their work.

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8
Q

Ethical violations by colleagues

A

Standard 1.04 encourages psychologists to handle ethical violations informally by discussing the issue with the individual “if an informal resolution appears appropriate”; while Standard 1.05 states that psychologists make a formal report to the Ethics Committee, state licensing board, or other appropriate authority when the problem involves “substantial harm” and is not appropriate for an informal resolution or has not been resolved satisfactorily by an attempt at an informal resolution.
- Note that both Standards require psychologists to consider client confidentiality before taking any action. In other words, if an informal resolution or report will violate client confidentiality, the action is prohibited.

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9
Q

Tarasoff decision

A

“duty to warn” an intended victim, case to case by can notify the intended victim, police or taking other steps

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10
Q

Keith-Spiegel and Koocher (1985)

A

Provide the following guidelines for the ethical practice of MEDIA PSYCHOLOGY:
(1) Media psychologists should avoid offering suggestions that require radical life changes or decisions
(2) Callers who are selected for on-air participation should be given appropriate referrals
(3) Callers should be informed of the risks associated with public exposure of their personal problems
(4) Participants should not be asked to wait for prolonged periods of time before talking to the psychologist
(5) Media psychologists should make frequent disclaimers distinguishing what they do from actual psychotherapy
(6) Media psychologists should not belittle or make jokes at the expense of participants
(7) Media psychologists should not criticize the competence of other mental health professionals

(Note that this standard does not apply to psychologists who provide services to individuals over the Internet, videoconferences, etc. with whom they have an established therapeutic relationship.)

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11
Q

Record Keeping and Fees

A

Standard 6.01 requires psychologists to maintain, store, and dispose of their professional records in ways that allow the records to be used appropriately by themselves and others

Keith-Spiegel and Koocher (1985) note that legal obligations and client welfare are key factors when making decisions about the maintenance of records:
(1) Legal requirements vary from state to state, but the IRS requires professionals to keep business and financial records for at least 7 years. In addition, the APA’s (2007) Record Keeping Guidelines recommends that, in the absence of applicable laws or other requirements, psychologists retain a client’s full record for 7 years following the last date of services for adults and 3 years after a minor reaches the age of majority, whichever occurs later
(2) Client welfare concerns include balancing the possibility that records may be needed to assist with a client’s continuity of care across providers over time with the concern that, if kept too long, records may cause harm if they contain invalid or obsolete data.

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12
Q

What has the data on sexual misconduct by therapists consistently shown?

A

Pope and his colleagues (1993)
- Male therapists violate much more than female therapists
- They are usually older (42-44 y/o) than the female clients (30-33 y/o) they become involved with

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13
Q

What relationships have been found between risk for sexual misconduct and theoretical orientation; professional experience; or education?

A

None (Pope et al.; 1993)

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14
Q

What course of action should you take if you discover a colleague has been violating an ethical standard that puts no clients in direct harm?

A

Attempt to resolve the problem informally by discussing the matter with the offender

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15
Q

When should a psychologist make a formal report to the Ethics Committee; state licensing board; or other appropriate authority regarding unethical behavior by a colleague?

A

“When the problem involves ““substantial harm”” and is not appropriate for an informal resolution or has not been resolved satisfactorily by an attempt at an informal resolution”

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16
Q

_____ should always takes precedence over the need to educate or punish an offending psychologist, which must always be considered before filing a complaint

A

Client Confidentiality

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17
Q

When recording voices/images in research when is informed consent not required?

A

When the research consists solely of naturalistic observations in public places; and it is not anticipated that the recording will be used in a manner that could cause personal identification or harm

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18
Q

Describe the nature of informed consent when research involves recording voices/images and deception.

A

Informed consent is provided during debriefing

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19
Q

What is the legal concept that protects a client’s confidentiality in the context of legal proceedings?

A

Privilege

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20
Q

____ is typically is the holder of the privilege.

A

Client

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21
Q

When can a psychologist use client testimonials?

A

When they are not solicited from current therapy clients or other persons who; because of their circumstances; are vulnerable to undue influence

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22
Q

In a consultative relationship, when is it appropriate to disclose confidential client information?

A
  1. When the consultant and consultee have a confidential relationship
  2. If the consultee has obtained prior consent of the person or organization
  3. If disclosure is unavoidable
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23
Q

A psychologist has been meeting regularly with a child whose parents recently filed for divorce and have requested a child custody evaluation. What course of action should the psychologist take?

A

While not required; the Guidelines states psychologists generally avoid conducting such evaluations when s/he has served in a therapeutic role for the child or their family

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24
Q

What 4 conditions must be met in order for a client to bring a claim of malpractice against a psychologist?

A
  1. Psychologist must have had a professional relationship with the person
  2. Must be a demonstrable standard of care breached by psychologist
  3. Person suffered harm or injury
  4. Harm or injury was proximally caused by psychologist’s breach of duty within context of standard of care
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25
Q

Is it ever appropriate for a psychologist to pay; receive payment from; or divide fees with another professional for referring them a client?

A

No; this is unethical. All payments in such situations must be based on the services provided (e.g.; clinical; consultative; administrative)

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26
Q

What legal decision originally established a psychologist’s “duty to warn;” which later became a “duty to protect?”

A

The Tarasoff Decision = client’s admission of intent to harm another person

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27
Q

Bartering is allowed only if what two conditions are met?

A
  1. It is not clinically contraindicated
  2. It is not exploitative
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28
Q

In a legal proceeding, if a defendant lacks sufficient present ability to consult with his lawyer with a reasonable degree of rational understanding and a rational as well as a factual understanding of the proceedings against him/her, he/she is deemed …

A

Incompetent to stand trial

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29
Q

A person who by reason of education or specialized experience possesses superior knowledge regarding a subject about which persons having no particular training are incapable of forming an accurate opinion or deducing correct conclusions is referred to as an ____.

A

Expert Witness

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30
Q

Fact Witness

A

A refers to a person who testifies as to what they saw/ heard/ or otherwise observed regarding a circumstance, event or occurrence as it actually took place

A fact witness is a person “who testifies as to what he/she has seen, heard, or otherwise observed regarding a circumstance, event or occurrence as it actually took place…. [In contrast to expert witnesses,] fact witnesses are generally not allowed to offer opinions, address issues that they do not have personal knowledge of or respond to hypothetical situations” (APA, 1998, p. 7). A fact witness is allowed to provide information about a client only with the consent of the client or a court order.

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31
Q

_________ are allowed to offer professional opinions and provide testimony based on hypothetical scenarios, while ________ cannot.

A

Expert Witness
Fact Witness

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32
Q

When taking on a new therapy client when should a psychologist obtain informed consent?

A
  • As early as is feasible- should include nature and anticipated course of therapy
  • fees
  • 3rd party involvement
  • limits of confidentiality
  • provide client opportunity to ask questions and receive answers
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33
Q

Are psychologists required by the Ethics Code to provide Pro Bono services?

A

No – but General Principles, which are aspirational in nature, promote it

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34
Q

Is it ethical for psychologists to engage in sexual behavior with students or supervisees?

A

No… it is unethical for a psychologist to engage in sexual relations with anyone they are likely to have evaluative authority over

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35
Q

The Client Welfare standard of the APA Ethics Code requires what?

A

That reasonable steps are taken by psychologists to avoid and minimize harm to clients, students, research participants, and others with whom they work

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36
Q

What conditions must be met for deception to ethically be used in research?

A
  1. Deception is justified by the study’s prospective scientific; educational; applied value and effective nondeceptive alternatives are not feasible
  2. Participants are not deceived about conditions that might cause significant pain or emotional distress
  3. Participants are debriefed preferably at end of their participation; but no later than conclusion of data collection
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37
Q

The Guidelines for Providers of Psychological Services to Ethnic, Linguistic, and Culturally Diverse Populations presents principles that are in nature _____.

A

Aspirational

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38
Q

Psychologists are to refrain from entering into a multiple relationship when?

A

If the relationship can be reasonably expected to impair the psychologist’s objectivity; competence; or effectiveness; or otherwise risks exploitation or harmto the client

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39
Q

Psychologists are to refrain from entering into a multiple relationship when?

A

If the relationship can be reasonably expected to impair the psychologist’s objectivity, competence, or effectiveness, or otherwise risks exploitation or harm to the client

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40
Q

What is the first step a psychologist should take when they receive a subpoena?

A

Determine if the subpoena is a legally valid demand

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41
Q

Following an evaluation; are psychologists allowed to provide clients with raw test data if the client requests it?

A

Yes; it would unethical not to do so. However; there are some exceptions if the psychologist believes the test data could harm the client

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42
Q

Is it ever ethical for a psychologist to withhold reporting a case of known child abuse?

A

No. All jurisdictions require psychologists to report known cases of child abuse to the appropriate authorities

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43
Q

Can you deny admission to academic or other programs, advancement, or promotion to someone who has previously made or been the subject of an ethics complaint?

A

No, that would be unethical

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44
Q

What is FERPA (Family Education Rights and Privacy Act of 1974)?

A
  • It prohibits educational institutions receiving federal funds from disclosing personally identifying information from student records without the consent of the student or legal guardian (if under 18)
  • Also grants right to inspect one’s educational records
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45
Q

A legal concept referring to a person’s incapacity to determine right from wrong or to behave according to the requirements of the law.

A

Insanity, which is not a psychological concept; but used in a purely legal sense

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46
Q

Publication credit is given based primarily on ____.

A

.Relative scientific or professional contributions of the individuals involved; regardless of their relative status

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47
Q

Sliding fee scales are generally considered acceptable as long as they are ____.

A

Fair and serve the best interests of the client

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48
Q

In deciding whether to provide services to a person already receiving mental health services elsewhere, what should a psychologist consider?

A

The treatment issues and the potential client’s welfare. These issues are discussed with the client and the psychologist should proceed with caution

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49
Q

Psychologists are to act and when teaching, supervising and designing education and training programs.

A

Competently and Responsibly

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50
Q

In-person solicitation of business from actual or potential therapy clients or other persons is unethical when it involves what?

A

Solicitation of people, who due to their particular circumstances, are vulnerable to undue influence

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51
Q

Can psychologists base assessment/intervention decisions or recommendations on tests, measures, data, or test results that are outdated or obsolete?

A

Only tests that are useful to the current purpose can be used ethically

52
Q

How does APA’s Ethics Code define Sexual Harassment?

A

Sexual solicitation; physical advances; or verbal or nonverbal conduct that is sexual in nature; occurs in connection with the psychologist’s activities or roles as a psychologist, and either
(1) is obviously unwelcome, offensive, or creates a hostile environment or
(2) is sufficiently severe to be abusive to a reasonable person in the context

53
Q

Who is responsible for the appropriate application, interpretation, and use of assessment instruments scored and interpreted by automated services?

A

The administering psychologist retains responsibility

54
Q

Regarding client records, who is the owner of the physical record?

A

Typically, the psychologist, while the client has the right to inspect the contents of the record

55
Q

When it becomes reasonably clear that a client no longer needs services, is unlikely to benefit, or is being harmed by continued services, what is the psychologist’s best course of action?

A

Terminate therapy

56
Q

Upon termination, what does the Ethics Code state a psychologist should do?

A

Provide pre-termination counseling and suggest alternative service providers as appropriate

57
Q

APA’s Record Keeping Guidelines specifies that records of psychological services must include:

A
  • identifying data
  • dates of service
  • types of service
  • fees
  • assessment reports and intervention plans
  • releases of information
58
Q

What must a psychologist do before using a collection agency to collect unpaid fees?

A

Inform the client that such measures will be taken and provide that person an opportunity to make prompt payment

59
Q

When providing services to a person legally incapable of giving informed consent, what should the psychologist do?

A
  • Provide an appropriate explanation
  • Seek the person’s assent
  • Consider the person’s preferences and best interests
  • Obtain permission from a legally authorized person
60
Q

A psychologist whose personal problems are preventing them from competently performing work-related activities should take what steps?

A

Take appropriate measures (e.g., obtain consultation or assistance) and determine whether they should limit, suspend, or terminate their work-related duties

61
Q

Is it ever ethical to have sexual relationships with a former client?

A

-Yes, though only after 2 years and in the most unusual circumstances
- In such cases, the psychologists must prove that the relationship is not harmful

62
Q

Is it ethical or unethical for a psychologist to provide therapy to a person they previously had sexual relations with?

A

Unethical- this is absolute; there are no time limits or exceptions

63
Q

The concept that supervisors/employers may be legally responsible for the actions of their supervisees/employees is called

A

Vicarious Liability, or respondent superior

64
Q

You’re contacted by the APA Ethics Committee in regards to a complaint filed against you by a client. They ask for your records related to the client’s therapy with you. What should you do?

A

Cooperate fully with the Committee’s request. Confidentiality is not an issue since the committee must obtain a signed waiver of confidentiality from the complainant before it takes any action

65
Q

As a psychologist; what would you do if you arrived early to the office one morning to find a colleague having sex with one of his/her current clients?

A

Report him to the ethics committee, as this violation is not amenable to informal resolution, making sure to protect the client’s confidentiality rights

66
Q

What is a psychologist to do if a client informs them that s/he had sex with a previous therapist?

A

Outline the client’s rights and options regarding legal actions and ethical complaints

67
Q

What is a psychologist’s best option if s/he wants to work with clients from an ethnic group s/he has not worked with before?

A

Seek supervision and/or consultation before taking on such clients and while working with them

68
Q

A psychologist who has been having marital problems begins to notice that during marital therapy with his clients he is tending to agree more with the husband’s perspective. He should

A

Seek consultation- the Code requires psychologists who become aware of personal problems that may interfere with adequate performance in their work to take appropriate measures

69
Q

When might the use of interpreters in psychotherapy be ethical?

A

When steps have been taken to avoid a multiple relationship between the interpreter and the client

70
Q

True or False: It is unethical to utilize an interpreter without first having them sign a confidentiality agreement?

A

False. While a good idea to discuss the importance of maintaining confidentiality; there is no ethical standard requiring an interpreter to sign such an agreement

71
Q

A psychologist is dating a graduate student in his class who is older than other students and has returned to school after 15 years.

A

The psychologist’s behavior is unethical, regardless of whether sex is involved, because it is a dual relationship with clear potential for harm or exploitation

72
Q

A psychologist is dating a graduate student in his class who is older than other students and has returned to school after 15 years.

A

The psychologist’s behavior is unethical, regardless of whether sex is involved, because it is a dual relationship with clear potential for harm or exploitation

73
Q

What should a psychologist to do if a client they are seeing on condition of probation says s/he wants to terminate therapy?

A

Tell the client s/he has the right to leave; but explain the legal ramifications of doing so

74
Q

In your capacity as an Industrial Psychologist, you observe repeated incidents of sexual harassment. What is your best course of action?

A
  • Observe the incidents and, if possible, take active steps to intervene
  • the Code states that psychologists attempt to “minimize harm to those with whom they work”
75
Q

A psychologist is seeing a family and notices bruises on the son’s body. The parents say a pediatrician saw him but they forgot to mention the bruises to her. When asked how the child got injured, the parents say he fell down the stairs and provide no further details. The boy is silent and withdrawn. What should the psychologist do?

A

File a child abuse report with the appropriate state agency, as there is reasonable suspicion of ongoing child abuse

76
Q

A client you know owns a gun and has a history of violent behavior tells you he is planning to shoot his ex-girlfriend. You should:

A

Warn the police and attempt to warn the ex-girlfriend; per “duty to protect”

77
Q

A client who is HIV+ claims that she/he has been engaging in casual unprotected sex with various partners. Is this sufficient ground to break confidentiality and notify the authorities?

A

No. APA states disclosure is permitted if
(1) there is an identifiable 3rd party who is at risk
(2) the 3rd party is unaware she/he is at risk
(3) the client has refused or is not considered reliable to inform the 3rd party

78
Q

As an Army psychologist, a General asks you questions about a Colonel you have evaluated. What is the ethical way to respond?

A

Get a signed release from the client before providing any information; the Colonel is likely aware that refusing to provide such information may lead to negative consequences

79
Q

According to psychologists must notify their clients how they may use the clients’ personal health information

A

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA)

80
Q

According to HIPPA, when might a psychologist be considered a covered entity?

A

If they transmit certain client information electronically

81
Q

Psychotherapy notes, as defined by HIPAA, refers to what?

A

Notes recorded in any medium by a mental health professional documenting or analyzing the contents of conversation during a private counseling session- they are not considered a part of a client’s Protected Health Information (PHI)

82
Q

A psychologist publishes an ad promising guaranteed results. What is true about this ad?

A

It is unethical because it is misleading and may engender unduly optimistic expectations of positive results

83
Q

What must brochures for workshops always include?

A

A description of the intended audience

84
Q

You routinely waive the co-payment of less wealthy clients who are insured; since you offer clients without insurance a sliding scale. This is:

A

Unethical and illegal since the insurance company has not been informed

85
Q

When would it be ethical for a psychology professor to modify a course syllabus several weeks after the course began?

A

When the students are made aware of these modifications in a manner that enables them to fulfill course requirements

86
Q

Is it ethical for a psychologist to engage in a sexual relationship with a student after the course has been completed and grades submitted?

A

No, as it is likely the student is still in the department and, thus, the professor maintains Evaluative Authority

87
Q

When evaluating students and supervisees, psychologists must do what?

A

-Base their evaluation on relevant and established program requirements
- provide timely feedback
- provide information about the evaluation process at the beginning of supervision

88
Q

When is informed consent to research not necessary?

A

When dispensing with it clearly poses no harm or is scientifically justifiable, such as in naturalistic observation or anonymous questionnaires

89
Q

Is it ever ethical to kill an animal that has been used for research?

A

Yes, if it is done rapidly and with an effort to minimize pain

90
Q

You are asked by an attorney to evaluate a divorced woman’s competence as a parent during a custody dispute. As an ethical psychologist, you should:

A

-Evaluate the client, children, and husband before filing a report

91
Q

A forensic psychologist is ordered by the court to evaluate a celebrity accused of assault and battery. Part of the evaluation is used in the trial and becomes a matter of public record. At the end of the trial; in which the defendant was found guilty; the psychologist writes a book including information about parts of the evaluation not discussed in court. These actions are:

A

Unethical but legal; as information disclosed in court-ordered evaluations are not privileged

92
Q

True or False: Computerized interpretive reports are legitimate and valuable, and they tend to be good substitutes for a clinician’s own impressions?

A

False. Computerized interpretive reports are to be accompanied by the psychologist’s personal evaluation

93
Q

As the only psychologist working in a medical clinic that you are about to leave for a new job; you are concerned that some files contain outdated data. What should you do?

A

Remove obsolete data from the files, as release of such data may cause client harm or misrepresentation

94
Q

After a psychologist administers multiple tests to a client; she asks to see the results. What’s the best course of action in such situations?

A

Provide the client with an oral and written summary of the results in clear; understandable language

95
Q

True or False: Regarding confidentiality in group therapy, group members are on their own honor to maintain confidentiality?

A

True. Group members have no legally or ethically enforceable obligation to maintain the confidence of what they hear from other group members

96
Q

What should a psychologist do if a man being seen in marital therapy requests individual treatment?

A

He should be referred to another therapist due to potential for conflict between the psychologist’s roles

97
Q

When regular consultation with a supervisor about a client is done, what must occur?

A

The client must be informed that the therapist is being supervised

98
Q

If an experimental psychologist wants to become a clinical psychologist, what must she/he do?

A

Obtain appropriate coursework and experience; including practica and internship

99
Q

If an experimental psychologist wants to become a clinical psychologist, what must she/he do?

A

Obtain appropriate coursework and experience; including practica and internship

100
Q

What is the primary purpose of the Specialty Guidelines for the Delivery of Services?

A

Educate the public and advance the profession

101
Q

The primary purpose of the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing is what?

A

To provide criteria for evaluating whether tests are properly used

102
Q

The Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing suggest reporting test scores in terms of

A

Confidence intervals or percentile bands

103
Q

Generally, protecting the welfare of the public is their primary purpose.

A

State licensing boards

104
Q

It is ____and _______ to sell questions that appear on the licensing exam.

A

Illegal and unethical, as it violates both test security and copyright laws

105
Q

What should be done if, after evaluating a high school student who is having conflicts with a teacher, a psychologist concludes the teacher, rather than the student, needs psychological attention?

A

Talk to the teacher alone in order to safeguard the teacher’s rights and minimize harm or embarrassment

106
Q

A college counselor informed the mother of a 17 y/o of a recent suicide attempt he made. The counselor contended she was acting in the client’s best interest in light of his refusal to seek professional help. Were the counselor’s actions ethical?

A

According to the Ethics Code, yes, because the student is a minor at risk of suicide

107
Q

If a psychologist undertakes an experiment that might have some negative adverse side-effects to participants but still feels the possible findings are worth the risk, she should:

A

Seek approval from the appropriate Institutional Review Board (IRB) and inform participants of all potential risks via informed consent

108
Q

It is for a university professor to omit areas of research in a course he’s teaching because the research does not fit well with his orientation and does not support his theory.

A

Unethical as the professor’s behavior is likely to mislead students

109
Q

A psychologist opening a mental health clinic in a rural area serving a Native American population would be well-advised to:

A

Include medicine men from the tribe as consultants and mediators

110
Q

A psychologist is ethically required to after completing testing with a client.

A

Provide appropriate explanation of results

111
Q

Is it ethical for a psychologist to routinely administer personality tests during the initial phase of a treatment relationship?

A

No, this is unethical, as there must be a valid reason for testing

112
Q

As a psychologist, you are asked by the attorney of a mother to evaluate the mother and her child, however the child lives with the father, who is the custodial parent. What should you do?

A

Determine if the father knows about and has consented to the evaluation

113
Q

A psychologist in a rural community is asked to treat a man with Agoraphobia. While the psychologist has treated other anxiety disorders, she has never treated Agoraphobia. She should:

A

Treat the woman while making reasonable effort to obtain the competence required by using relevant research, training, consultation or study

114
Q

What should a psychologist do if a person in an emergency situation presents to therapy for an issue the psychologist has no relevant experience working with?

A

Meet with the person but refer to a more qualified psychologist as soon as possible, or when the emergency has ended

115
Q

During the third psychotherapy session with a client the psychologist realizes the client is the principal at his daughter’s school. What should he do?

A

Discuss the situation with the client and assess whether the dual relationship could be expected to impair objectivity, competence, or effectiveness or result in client exploitation or harm

116
Q

Psychologists who provide services over the internet must inform clients of _______

A

The risks to privacy

117
Q

What conditions are required for a graduate psychology program to require students to participate in psychotherapy?

A
  1. Students are given the option of receiving therapy from practitioners unaffiliated with the program
  2. Faculty with evaluative authority must not provide the therapy
  3. The requirement must be clearly described in the program’s description
118
Q

This term refers to negligent failure, resulting in harm to the client, to meet the duty to a client that arises out of a professional relationship.

A

Malpractice

119
Q

What are the 4 stages of the ethical complaint process?

A
  • Inquiry
  • Investigation
  • Adjudication
  • Appeal
120
Q

If a psychologist’s offense is inappropriate but not clearly unethical, they are likely to be by the Ethics Committee, whereas they will receive a

A

If the behavior is unethical. Advised and Warning

121
Q

A psychologist will receive a from the Ethics Committee if his/her actions are unethical but the consequences are minor.

A

Reprimand

122
Q

What might the Ethics Committee do if a psychologist’s actions cause harm and are deliberate or persistent?

A

Censure

123
Q

The Ethics Committee recommends in cases where a psychologist’s behavior is both unethical and harmful.

A

Time-limited resignation

124
Q

If a psychologist’s offense is so injurious and severe that she/he is deemed unrehabilitable, the Ethics Committee is likely to recommend ___

A

Expulsion

125
Q

Expert/Fact Witness

A

EXPERT witness = “person who has special training, knowledge, skill, or experience in an area relevant to the resolution of the legal dispute and is allowed to offer an opinion as testimony in court” (Koocher, 2005, p. 574)

FACT witness = person “who testifies as to what he/she has seen, heard, or otherwise observed regarding a circumstance, event or occurrence as it actually took place….

[In contrast to expert witnesses,] fact witnesses are generally not allowed to offer opinions, address issues that they do not have personal knowledge of or respond to hypothetical situations” (APA, 1998, p. 7)

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