Ethical Principles Flashcards
What are the Ethical Principles
➤ Consequence- based approach: focused on maximising positive outcomes and achieving the greatest for the majority. “ends justifies the means”
➤ Rule-based approach: focused on placing means or ends by following a set list of rules and abiding by these rules when deciding an outcome.
➤ Virtues-based ethics: focuses on using people “moral compass” to make decisions, based on honesty, kindness and the goodness of individuals.
What are the Ethical Concepts?
Clue (5*)
➤ Integrity: The commitments to searching for knowledge and understanding while being honest and reporting all findings and sources of information. Appropriate and truthful communication of results weather favourable or unfavourable. Performing these actions even when unsupervised.
➤ Beneficence: The commitment to maximising benefits and minimising the risks and harms involved in taking a particular course of action or course of action.
➤Non-maleficence: Avoiding causations of harm. However some scientific practices may involve certain degrees of harm, no form of harm should be disproportionate to the course of action.
➤ Justice: The moral obligation to ensure that there is fair consideration of competing claims; that there is no unfair burden on a particular group from an action; and that there is fair distribution and access to the benefits of an action.
➤ Respect: Involves consideration of the extent to which living this have value; giving regard to welfare. Honouring people’s feelings, needs,and decisions.
Stakeholders in bioethics
➤ Society: All citizens who are patients with medical needs of stem cell research
➤ Medical Practitioners: ( doctors, pharmacies) Using this new information new cures may be available to help improve understanding.
➤ Governments
Concerns in stem cell research
➤ the commercialisation of body parts and potential of exploiting women.
➤ The death of unborn embryos, the using or taking an embryonic cell which has the ability or chance to develop into a embryo.
➤ The slope that may turn into human cloning which is a morally and bio ethically wrong turn in science.
