Ethical Aspects - Informatisation de l’éthique

Question 1

What is the IEEE Code of Ethics focused on?

Answer 1

It emphasizes public safety, privacy, and sustainability in technology development.

Question 2

Fill in the blank: The Holberton-Turing Oath promotes ethical AI practices, focusing on principles like privacy, responsibility, and _____.

Answer 2

transparency.

Question 3

Define ‘computer ethics’ as per James H. Moor.

Answer 3

The study of computer technology’s social impact and creating policies for ethical use.

Question 4

What is ‘logical malleability’ in computers?

Answer 4

The ability of computers to perform any function defined by inputs, outputs, and logical operations, allowing wide adaptability.

Question 5

Name the four types of moral agents according to Moor.

Answer 5

Ethical impact agent, implicit ethical agent, explicit ethical agent, and full ethical agent.

Question 6

Fill in the blank: An implicit ethical agent includes machines with ____ to prevent harm.

Answer 6

safety procedures.

Question 7

What distinguishes a ‘full ethical agent’ from other moral agents?

Answer 7

A full ethical agent would have consciousness, intentionality, and free will, similar to humans.

Question 8

What is one limitation of Asimov’s Three Laws of Robotics?

Answer 8

They are limited in practical applications, especially in military robotics where harm may be inherent.

Question 9

Define the ‘invisibility factor’ in computing ethics.

Answer 9

The hidden processes in computing that can lead to ethical issues, such as unnoticed misuse or embedded biases.

Question 10

Explain ‘invisible abuse’ in computing ethics.

Answer 10

Misuse of computer operations that remain undetected due to the hidden nature of computational processes.

Question 11

Fill in the blank: Algorithmic governance raises ethical concerns due to its lack of ____ in decision-making.

Answer 11

transparency.

Question 12

What does ‘non-monotonic logic’ address in moral programming?

Answer 12

It allows the adaptation of moral rules as new information arises, which helps in resolving ethical dilemmas.

Question 13

Why is probabilistic modeling limited in moral programming?

Answer 13

It lacks the consistency and reliability required for ethical decision-making in all scenarios.

Question 14

Fill in the blank: Ethical hacking emphasizes understanding and ____ a system, not necessarily breaking laws.

Answer 14

modifying.

Question 15

List three core principles of hacker ethics.

Answer 15

Free access to technology, freedom of information, and skepticism of authority.

Question 16

What perspective does Amaelle Guiton provide on hackers?

Answer 16

Hackers seek control over technology, valuing openness and decentralization.

Question 17

Fill in the blank: Ethical programming emphasizes anticipating ____ in system design.

Answer 17

misuse.

Question 18

What role does transparency play in AI ethics?

Answer 18

It allows accountability and helps the public understand how decisions are made.

Question 19

Describe a challenge with ‘invisible programming values.’

Answer 19

Software can have encoded biases that influence outcomes, which may not be visible to users.

Question 20

What is an ‘explicit ethical agent’?

Answer 20

A robot capable of programmed ethical reasoning and basic moral decision-making.

Question 21

Define ‘non-monotonic logic’ in ethical AI programming.

Answer 21

A logic system that updates beliefs or decisions when new information conflicts with previous assumptions.

Question 22

How does the Holberton-Turing Oath relate to AI development?

Answer 22

It encourages ethical responsibility, focusing on transparency, privacy, and fairness in AI use.

Question 23

Why are ‘probabilistic algorithms’ insufficient for complete ethical programming?

Answer 23

They cannot ensure moral consistency, which is necessary for reliable moral decisions.

Question 24

Fill in the blank: The ‘invisibility factor’ highlights the hidden aspects of computing, such as ____ and bias in processes.

Answer 24

errors.

Question 25

Explain ‘logical malleability’ as a strength of computers.

Answer 25

It allows computers to be programmed for a wide variety of tasks, adapting to numerous uses.

Question 26

Why is ‘non-monotonic logic’ used in ethical programming?

Answer 26

It allows systems to update rules based on new ethical insights or conflicts, accommodating complex scenarios.

Question 27

Name one principle from the IEEE Code of Ethics for engineers.

Answer 27

To prioritize public safety and act responsibly with respect to privacy and security.

Question 28

What is a primary ethical issue in algorithmic governance?

Answer 28

The opacity of decisions can obscure accountability, making it difficult to address ethical concerns.

Question 29

Explain the difference between ethical impact agents and full ethical agents.

Answer 29

Ethical impact agents unintentionally impact ethics, while full ethical agents would theoretically have moral awareness.

Question 30

Fill in the blank: Hacker ethics includes the belief that ____ should be free, though not necessarily free of cost.

Answer 30

information.

Question 31

Describe one ethical risk with ‘invisible complex calculations.’

Answer 31

Such calculations may lead to outcomes that users cannot verify or understand, raising trust issues.