Ethical and Socio-Cultural issues

Question 1

How can technological developments improve moitoring for athletes?

Answer 1

Nutritional monitoring, heart rate, steps, body fat

Question 2

How have technological developments made sports more engaging and safer?

Answer 2

Safety measures like padding and helmets in cricket

Question 3

How have technological advances improved recovery?

Answer 3

Development of ice baths, oxygen tents, hyperbaric chambers

Question 4

What equipment improvements have technological developments played a part in?

Answer 4

Sprint spikes, light and more support/ bodysuits in cycling, streamline/ tennis rackets to increase spin and speed of ball
They last longer and are easier

Question 5

How have disabled athletes benefited from technological improvements?

Answer 5

Prosthetic limbs allows in participation

Question 6

How has match analysis improved?

Answer 6

Technology allows players to study opposition and their own performance to develop

Question 7

Benefits of technology in sport?

Answer 7

Less chance for human error e.g. photo finish, electronic timings and third umpire tech like Hawkeye in tennis

Question 8

Cons of technology in sport?

Answer 8

Unequal access to it across sports, time consuming, offers new ways to cheat (bat tape in cricket so tech cant tell if they edged a ball)

Question 9

Impacts of tech for officials?

Answer 9

Less pressure with decisions, better communication between other officials, better decisions, However, can become too reliant on it, and game could slow down.

Question 10

examples of tech for officials?

Answer 10

VAR, TMO, goal line technology, photo finish, hawkeye, reviews

Question 11

Impacts of tech for spectators?

Answer 11

Different camera angles, (red button, pool cameras, bird eye view), all weather surfaces mean less likely for fixture cancellations, TV analysis educates spectators.

Question 12

Impacts of tech for sponsors?

Answer 12

More advertising, more risk of reputation decline,

Question 13

Gamesmanship?

Answer 13

bending the rules to gain a competitive advantage without breaking them. Time wasting

Question 14

Etiquette

Answer 14

Unwritten rules concerning player behaviour

Question 15

Sportsmanship?

Answer 15

Appropriate, polite and fair behavior while participating in a sporting events

Question 16

Contract to compete?

Answer 16

Agreeing to play by the rules

Question 17

Prohibited substances?

Answer 17

Ergogenic aids or PEDs

Question 18

Stimulants?

Answer 18

Speed up body/brain, increase alertness, reaction time and aggression.
Can be addictive and have side effects (high BP, stroke, heart attack)
Can reduce pain

Question 19

Peptide hormones (EPO)

Answer 19

Natural substance that can increase muscle growth and production of red blood cells,
Can reduce tiredness and help endurance athletes
Thickens blood which makes heart work harder can cause heart attack or stroke.

Question 20

Anabolic agents

Answer 20

Speed up recovery and allow more training, can increase aggression
Very addictive, can reduce testicle size, high BP, damage liver kidney and heart, cause women to grow body hair, reduce breast size and deepen voice

Question 21

Narcotic analgesics

Answer 21

(heroin/morphine) reduce pain from over training
Very addictive and dangerous. Can cause constipation, reduce alertness, less concentration, coma.

Question 22

Diuretics

Answer 22

Drugs to remove excess water from the body, don’t improve performance but help weight loss.
Used to dilute other substances that may have been taken to pass through urine, cause severe dehydration, low BP and cramp.

Question 23

Blood doping

Answer 23

Athlete removes blood from body a few weeks before a competition, the blood is frozen and stored for later use. When blood is removed, the body produces more red blood cells to make up for lost blood. After training, when normal blood content has returned, the blood is re-injected into body a few days before comp. Body can deliver more oxygen to muscles.

Question 24

Pros of blood doping

Answer 24

More oxygen to muscles for energy, fatigue slower.

Question 25

Cons of blood doping

Answer 25

Increase risk of heart attack, blocked blood vessels, blood based diseases, blood thickening,

Question 26

Beta blockers?

Answer 26

Reduce muscle tenseness, heart rate and BP. Can improve fine motor skills and accuracy.

Question 27

Side effects of beta blockers?

Answer 27

Nausea, poor circulation, tiredness, weakness

Question 28

How might benefit from stimulants?

Answer 28

Sprinters, racing drivers, rugby players

Question 29

Who might benefit from narcotic analgesics?

Answer 29

Weightlifters, NFL players

Question 30

Who might benefit from anabolic agents?

Answer 30

Boxers, Rugby players.

Question 31

Who might diuretics benefit?

Answer 31

Boxers, MMA fighters

Question 32

Who might benefit from peptide hormones?

Answer 32

Marathon runners, long distance cyclists.

Question 33

Who might beta blockers benefit?

Answer 33

Archers, darts players

Question 34

PROs of PEDs?

Answer 34

Cope better under pressure, higher income due to better performance, fame and sponsorship,

Question 35

CONs of PEDs

Answer 35

Banned if caught, immoral, health risks.

Question 36

Effects of PEDs on sports?

Answer 36

Harm reputation of the sport due to doubt of good performances, loss of sponsorship and media coverage

Question 37

PROs of spectators?

Answer 37

Home advantage atmosphere,

Question 38

CONs of spectators?

Answer 38

Intimidating environment, crowd trouble.

Question 39

Reasons behind hooliganism?

Answer 39

Rivalries, alcohol or drugs, gang culture, frustration, masculinity.

Question 40

How to combat hooliganism?

Answer 40

Early kick-offs, all seated stadiums, segregation, improved security, alcohol restrictions, travel restrictions (hooligans known to police must report to stations during teams match), education,