Ethical and Socio-Cultural issues Flashcards
How can technological developments improve moitoring for athletes?
Nutritional monitoring, heart rate, steps, body fat
How have technological developments made sports more engaging and safer?
Safety measures like padding and helmets in cricket
How have technological advances improved recovery?
Development of ice baths, oxygen tents, hyperbaric chambers
What equipment improvements have technological developments played a part in?
Sprint spikes, light and more support/ bodysuits in cycling, streamline/ tennis rackets to increase spin and speed of ball
They last longer and are easier
How have disabled athletes benefited from technological improvements?
Prosthetic limbs allows in participation
How has match analysis improved?
Technology allows players to study opposition and their own performance to develop
Benefits of technology in sport?
Less chance for human error e.g. photo finish, electronic timings and third umpire tech like Hawkeye in tennis
Cons of technology in sport?
Unequal access to it across sports, time consuming, offers new ways to cheat (bat tape in cricket so tech cant tell if they edged a ball)
Impacts of tech for officials?
Less pressure with decisions, better communication between other officials, better decisions, However, can become too reliant on it, and game could slow down.
examples of tech for officials?
VAR, TMO, goal line technology, photo finish, hawkeye, reviews
Impacts of tech for spectators?
Different camera angles, (red button, pool cameras, bird eye view), all weather surfaces mean less likely for fixture cancellations, TV analysis educates spectators.
Impacts of tech for sponsors?
More advertising, more risk of reputation decline,
Gamesmanship?
bending the rules to gain a competitive advantage without breaking them. Time wasting
Etiquette
Unwritten rules concerning player behaviour
Sportsmanship?
Appropriate, polite and fair behavior while participating in a sporting events
Contract to compete?
Agreeing to play by the rules
Prohibited substances?
Ergogenic aids or PEDs
Stimulants?
Speed up body/brain, increase alertness, reaction time and aggression.
Can be addictive and have side effects (high BP, stroke, heart attack)
Can reduce pain
Peptide hormones (EPO)
Natural substance that can increase muscle growth and production of red blood cells,
Can reduce tiredness and help endurance athletes
Thickens blood which makes heart work harder can cause heart attack or stroke.
Anabolic agents
Speed up recovery and allow more training, can increase aggression
Very addictive, can reduce testicle size, high BP, damage liver kidney and heart, cause women to grow body hair, reduce breast size and deepen voice
Narcotic analgesics
(heroin/morphine) reduce pain from over training
Very addictive and dangerous. Can cause constipation, reduce alertness, less concentration, coma.
Diuretics
Drugs to remove excess water from the body, don’t improve performance but help weight loss.
Used to dilute other substances that may have been taken to pass through urine, cause severe dehydration, low BP and cramp.
Blood doping
Athlete removes blood from body a few weeks before a competition, the blood is frozen and stored for later use. When blood is removed, the body produces more red blood cells to make up for lost blood. After training, when normal blood content has returned, the blood is re-injected into body a few days before comp. Body can deliver more oxygen to muscles.
Pros of blood doping
More oxygen to muscles for energy, fatigue slower.
Cons of blood doping
Increase risk of heart attack, blocked blood vessels, blood based diseases, blood thickening,
Beta blockers?
Reduce muscle tenseness, heart rate and BP. Can improve fine motor skills and accuracy.
Side effects of beta blockers?
Nausea, poor circulation, tiredness, weakness
How might benefit from stimulants?
Sprinters, racing drivers, rugby players
Who might benefit from narcotic analgesics?
Weightlifters, NFL players
Who might benefit from anabolic agents?
Boxers, Rugby players.
Who might diuretics benefit?
Boxers, MMA fighters
Who might benefit from peptide hormones?
Marathon runners, long distance cyclists.
Who might beta blockers benefit?
Archers, darts players
PROs of PEDs?
Cope better under pressure, higher income due to better performance, fame and sponsorship,
CONs of PEDs
Banned if caught, immoral, health risks.
Effects of PEDs on sports?
Harm reputation of the sport due to doubt of good performances, loss of sponsorship and media coverage
PROs of spectators?
Home advantage atmosphere,
CONs of spectators?
Intimidating environment, crowd trouble.
Reasons behind hooliganism?
Rivalries, alcohol or drugs, gang culture, frustration, masculinity.
How to combat hooliganism?
Early kick-offs, all seated stadiums, segregation, improved security, alcohol restrictions, travel restrictions (hooligans known to police must report to stations during teams match), education,
