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Networks and Switching > Ethernet Switching & VLANs > Flashcards

Ethernet Switching & VLANs Flashcards

1
Q

What is a collision domain?

A

A portion of the network where collisions can occur if two devices transmit simultaneously.

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2
Q

How do switches reduce collisions in a network?

A

By creating micro-segments for each connected device, providing dedicated communication paths.

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3
Q

What is the primary function of a MAC address table in a switch?

A

To store MAC addresses and their corresponding switch ports for efficient frame forwarding.

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4
Q

What happens when a switch receives a frame with an unknown destination MAC address?

A

The switch floods the frame out of all ports except the one it was received on.

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5
Q

What is a broadcast domain?

A

A network segment where a broadcast frame sent by any device is received by all other devices in the segment.

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6
Q

How do switches handle broadcast frames?

A

Switches forward broadcast frames out of all ports within the same VLAN.

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7
Q

What are the two main methods of frame forwarding on Cisco switches?

A

Store-and-forward and cut-through switching.

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8
Q

What is store-and-forward switching?

A

A method where the switch receives the entire frame, checks for errors, and then forwards it.

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9
Q

What is cut-through switching?

A

A method where the switch begins forwarding the frame as soon as it reads the destination MAC address.

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10
Q

What is fragment-free switching?

A

A variation of cut-through switching where the switch stores the first 64 bytes of the frame before forwarding it to reduce error propagation.

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11
Q

What is a VLAN?

A

A Virtual Local Area Network, which logically segments a network into separate broadcast domains.

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12
Q

What are the benefits of VLANs?

A

Improved security, reduced costs, better performance, and smaller broadcast domains.

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13
Q

What is intra-VLAN communication?

A

Communication between devices within the same VLAN.

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14
Q

What is inter-VLAN communication?

A

Communication between devices in different VLANs, typically facilitated by a Layer 3 device like a router.

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15
Q

What are the two VLAN ranges on Cisco switches?

A

Normal range VLANs (1-1005) and extended range VLANs (1006-4095).

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16
Q

What is a VLAN access port?

A

A switch port assigned to a single VLAN, carrying untagged traffic.

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17
Q

What is a VLAN trunk port?

A

A port configured to carry traffic for multiple VLANs using VLAN tags to identify the VLANs.

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18
Q

What are the two main VLAN tagging protocols?

A

Inter-Switch Link (ISL) and IEEE 802.1Q.

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19
Q

What is the native VLAN?

A

A VLAN that carries untagged traffic on a trunk port.

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20
Q

What is Dynamic Trunking Protocol (DTP)?

A

A Cisco proprietary protocol that negotiates trunking on a link between two switches.

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21
Q

What are the DTP modes available on Cisco switches?

A

Dynamic auto, dynamic desirable, trunk, and nonegotiate.

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22
Q

What is the purpose of the management VLAN?

A

To provide a separate VLAN for network management traffic, typically assigned an IP address for remote access.

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23
Q

What is a voice VLAN?

A

A special VLAN configured to prioritize voice traffic, ensuring better quality of service for VoIP applications.

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24
Q

What is a static VLAN?

A

A VLAN where ports are manually assigned to a specific VLAN.

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25
Q

What is a dynamic VLAN?

A

A VLAN where membership is determined by a VLAN Membership Policy Server (VMPS) based on the device’s MAC address.

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26
Q

What is the function of a VLAN Membership Policy Server (VMPS)?

A

To dynamically assign ports to VLANs based on the MAC addresses of connected devices.

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27
Q

What is the default VLAN on a Cisco switch?

A

VLAN 1, which is used for control traffic and management by default.

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28
Q

What is the purpose of VLAN trunking?

A

To allow a single physical link to carry traffic for multiple VLANs.

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29
Q

What is the difference between a data VLAN and a default VLAN?

A

A data VLAN is used for regular user traffic, while the default VLAN is VLAN 1, used for control traffic and cannot be deleted.

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30
Q

What are the steps to configure a trunk port on a Cisco switch?

A

Enter interface configuration mode, set the port to trunk mode, optionally set the native VLAN, and specify allowed VLANs.

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31
Q

What happens if a trunk port receives an untagged frame?

A

The frame is assigned to the native VLAN of the trunk port.

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32
Q

What is the purpose of the IEEE 802.1Q standard?

A

To define a method for tagging Ethernet frames with VLAN information for trunking.

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33
Q

What are the key features of the IEEE 802.1Q VLAN tag?

A

A four-byte tag added to the Ethernet frame, including a 12-bit VLAN ID.

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34
Q

What is the purpose of VLAN pruning?

A

To restrict the traffic of certain VLANs from being sent over a trunk link to optimize bandwidth usage.

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35
Q

What is the significance of the native VLAN on a trunk link?

A

It handles untagged traffic and must match on both ends of the trunk link to avoid traffic issues.

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36
Q

What are the key differences between ISL and IEEE 802.1Q?

A

ISL is Cisco proprietary and encapsulates frames, while IEEE 802.1Q is an open standard and inserts a tag within the original Ethernet frame.

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37
Q

What is the impact of VLANs on broadcast traffic?

A

VLANs limit broadcast traffic to within each VLAN, reducing broadcast domain size.

38
Q

What is the purpose of the switchport mode trunk command?

A

To configure a switch port to operate as a trunk, carrying multiple VLANs.

39
Q

What is the default behavior of DTP on Cisco switches?

A

Ports are set to dynamic auto, which means they will form a trunk if the other side is set to trunk or dynamic desirable.

40
Q

What is the purpose of the show vlan brief command?

A

To display the VLANs configured on a switch and the ports assigned to each VLAN.

41
Q

What is a VLAN trunking protocol (VTP)?

A

A Cisco proprietary protocol used to distribute VLAN configuration information across switches in the same VTP domain.

42
Q

What are the three VTP modes?

A

Server, client, and transparent.

43
Q

What is the purpose of VTP pruning?

A

To prevent unnecessary VLAN traffic from being sent over trunk links that do not require it.

44
Q

What is the significance of the VTP domain name?

A

It identifies the administrative scope of the VTP instance, ensuring that switches share VLAN information only within the same domain.

45
Q

What is the best practice for handling unused switch ports?

A

Disable unused switch ports to prevent unauthorized access.

46
Q

What is a blackhole VLAN?

A

A VLAN that is not used for real network traffic, assigned to unused switch ports as a security measure.

47
Q

Why should trunk ports be explicitly configured?

A

To prevent unauthorized devices from establishing a trunk link and accessing all VLAN traffic.

48
Q

What are the three methods of securing MAC addresses on a port?

A

Static, Dynamic, and Sticky.

49
Q

What does the ‘shutdown’ command do in the context of switch ports?

A

It disables the specified switch port.

50
Q

What is the purpose of switch port security?

A

To limit the number of valid MAC addresses allowed on a port and prevent unauthorized access.

51
Q

What are the possible actions when a port security violation occurs?

A

Protect, Restrict, and Shutdown.

52
Q

What is the default violation action for port security on Cisco switches?

A

Shutdown.

53
Q

How do you re-enable a port in an error-disabled state?

A

Use the ‘shutdown’ command followed by the ‘no shutdown’ command.

54
Q

What is the default mode for switch ports on Cisco switches?

A

Dynamic auto.

55
Q

What is the purpose of a management VLAN?

A

To provide a separate VLAN for network management traffic, enhancing security.

56
Q

What is the ‘protect’ mode in port security?

A

Invalid frames are dropped, but no notification is sent.

57
Q

What is the ‘restrict’ mode in port security?

A

Invalid frames are dropped, and a violation counter is incremented.

58
Q

What is the ‘shutdown’ mode in port security?

A

The port goes into an error-disabled state and stops forwarding traffic.

59
Q

How do you configure a switch port for access mode?

A

Use the ‘switchport mode access’ command.

60
Q

How do you configure a switch port for trunk mode?

A

Use the ‘switchport mode trunk’ command.

61
Q

What is inter-VLAN routing?

A

The process of forwarding network traffic from one VLAN to another using a router.

62
Q

What is traditional inter-VLAN routing?

A

A method where each VLAN is connected to a separate physical router interface.

63
Q

What is router-on-a-stick inter-VLAN routing?

A

A method where a single physical router interface is divided into multiple subinterfaces, each handling a different VLAN.

64
Q

What is a subinterface on a router?

A

A logical division of a physical interface used to handle traffic for different VLANs.

65
Q

How is VLAN tagging achieved on router subinterfaces?

A

Using the ‘encapsulation dot1Q ‘ command.

66
Q

What is the advantage of using router-on-a-stick over traditional inter-VLAN routing?

A

It requires fewer physical interfaces, reducing costs and complexity.

67
Q

What is the function of a Layer 3 switch in inter-VLAN routing?

A

To perform routing between VLANs using Switch Virtual Interfaces (SVIs).

68
Q

What is a Switch Virtual Interface (SVI)?

A

A virtual interface configured on a Layer 3 switch to handle inter-VLAN routing.

69
Q

What is the main benefit of using Layer 3 switches for inter-VLAN routing?

A

Increased efficiency and performance by handling routing within the switch.

70
Q

What is the default gateway for devices in a VLAN?

A

The IP address of the router or Layer 3 switch SVI for that VLAN.

71
Q

What is the difference between a directly connected network and a local network in a routing table?

A

A directly connected network is associated with an active interface, while a local network is the specific IP address configured on that interface.

72
Q

What is the purpose of Dynamic Trunking Protocol (DTP)?

A

To negotiate trunking on a link between two Cisco devices.

73
Q

What is the ‘dynamic auto’ mode in DTP?

A

A port will form a trunk if the other end is set to trunk or dynamic desirable.

74
Q

What is the ‘dynamic desirable’ mode in DTP?

A

A port actively attempts to form a trunk with the other end.

75
Q

Why should DTP be disabled on trunk ports?

A

To prevent unauthorized devices from negotiating trunk links and gaining access to all VLAN traffic.

76
Q

What is a routed port on a Layer 3 switch?

A

A switch port configured to operate as a Layer 3 interface, handling routing functions.

77
Q

What is the benefit of matching VLAN numbers to subnet addresses?

A

It simplifies network administration and improves clarity.

78
Q

What is the main drawback of traditional inter-VLAN routing?

A

It requires a separate physical router interface for each VLAN, which can be costly and inefficient.

79
Q

What is the encapsulation dot1Q command used for?

A

To configure VLAN tagging on router subinterfaces.

80
Q

What are the two main VLAN ranges on Cisco switches?

A

Normal range VLANs (1-1005) and extended range VLANs (1006-4095).

81
Q

How do you assign a port to a specific VLAN?

A

Use the ‘switchport access vlan ‘ command.

82
Q

What is the ‘native VLAN’ on a trunk port?

A

The VLAN that carries untagged traffic on a trunk link.

83
Q

What is the purpose of VLAN pruning?

A

To restrict the traffic of certain VLANs from being sent over a trunk link, optimizing bandwidth usage.

84
Q

Why is it important to use explicit trunk configuration?

A

To ensure proper VLAN tagging and prevent unauthorized trunk formation.

85
Q

What is the main function of the router in inter-VLAN routing?

A

To route traffic between different VLANs, acting as the default gateway for devices in those VLANs.

86
Q

What is the impact of VLANs on broadcast traffic?

A

VLANs limit broadcast traffic to within each VLAN, reducing broadcast domain size.

87
Q

What is the function of the ‘switchport mode access’ command?

A

To configure a switch port to operate in access mode, handling traffic for a single VLAN.

88
Q

What is the ‘show vlan brief’ command used for?

A

To display the VLANs configured on a switch and the ports assigned to each VLAN.

89
Q

What is the function of the ‘show ip route’ command?

A

To display the routing table on a router or Layer 3 switch.

90
Q

How does a router-on-a-stick configuration affect bandwidth?

A

All VLAN traffic shares the bandwidth of a single physical link between the switch and the router.

91
Q

What is the purpose of a default gateway in a VLAN?

A

To provide a routing path for traffic destined for other networks.

Networks and Switching (8 decks)

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