Ethanol ADME

Question 1

What kind of elimination does alcohol have?

Answer 1

Saturable elimination

Question 2

Where is ethanol absorbed?

Answer 2

Throughout the GI tract

Question 3

What is inhibited by high concentrations of ethanol?

Answer 3

Gastric emptying

Question 4

What slows down ethanol absorption?

Answer 4

Food

Question 5

Bioavailability of ethanol

Answer 5

0.8 for typical doses

Question 6

Vd of ethanol

Answer 6

Approximately equal to the volume of total body water

Question 7

The Vd is greater in who: men or women?

Answer 7

Men

Question 8

Distribution of ethanol

Answer 8

Rapid, CNS concentrations appear to be in rapid equilibrium with plasma concentrations

Question 9

Main way to metabolize ethanol

Answer 9

Oxidization (90-98%)

Question 10

Other way to metabolize ethanol

Answer 10

Expired breath and urine (~10%)

Question 11

Ethanol is primarily metabolized to what molecule by what enzyme?

Answer 11

Acetaldehyde via alcohol dehydrogenase (and then eventually to acetyl CoA)

Question 12

~10% of alcohol is oxidized by what enzyme?

Answer 12

CYP2E1

Question 13

How is CYP2E1 oxidization of ethanol triggered?

Answer 13

Prolonged, heavy drinking

Question 14

Ethanol concentrations are often well above what value?

Answer 14

Km

Question 15

Bioavailability of ethanol and ethanol absorption rate

Answer 15

Bioavailability decreases with a decrease in ethanol absorption rate due to 1st pass metabolism being saturable