ETCO2 Basics

Question 1

Capnos = ?

Answer 1

Smoke

Question 2

In general, on a capnograph: _____ wave good and ____ wave bad.

Answer 2

(Square) (Round/Shark Fin)

Question 3

Normal capnography values:

Answer 3

35 - 45 mmHg

Question 4

PACO2 (CO2 in arteries) normal values:

Answer 4

35 - 45 mmHg

Question 5

High / Low capnography values = ? / ? acidity

Answer 5

High / Low

Question 6

Normal blood pH = ?

Answer 6

7.35 - 7.45

Question 7

If pulse ox wave is off by more than ? bpm, SPO2 not accurate.

Answer 7

6

Question 8

Qty CO2 upon inhalation = ?

Answer 8

atmospheric air - almost 0 mmHg CO2 inhalation

Question 9

Phase 1 on capnograph

Answer 9

Inhalation (A-B)

Question 10

Phase 2 on capnograph

Answer 10

Ascending - Exhalation - SHOOTS up! (B-C)

Question 11

Phase 3 on capnograph

Answer 11

Alveolar plateau - Exhalation - btw 35 - 45 (C-D)

Question 12

Phase 4 on capnograph

Answer 12

Descending - Inhalation - SHOOTS down! (D-E)

Question 13

? cc of initial exhalation atmospheric air?

Answer 13

150cc (zero CO2)

Question 14

END TITLE = what part of breath?

Answer 14

End of breath

Question 15

CAPNOGRAPH = what part of graph?

Answer 15

Whole breath

Question 16

? SPO2 value = respiratory distress?

Answer 16

90% - 95%

Question 17

? SPO2 value = respiratory failure?

Answer 17

<90%

Question 18

Respiratory arrest means ?

Answer 18

No breaths. Nothing. Nada. You bag them.

Question 19

What capnograph wave = respiratory distress?

Answer 19

Shark Fin

Question 20

s/s respiratory distress (4)

Answer 20

cyanotic tips; shark fin wave; diff breathing; body able to compensate and perfuse

Question 21

s/s respiratory failure (3)

Answer 21

core cyanosis; rounded wave; decompensation (not perfusing)

Question 22

What capnograph wave = respiratory failure?

Answer 22

rounded

Question 23

ETT size formula (pedi?)

Answer 23

(16+age) / 4

Question 24

Ventilation vs Respiration

Answer 24

Moving air vs. Gas exchange

Question 25

If waveform is abnormal, there (is/is not) usually something wrong?

Answer 25

IS

Question 26

Capnography and PEEP in CHF

Answer 26

Best: CPAP + albuterol

Question 27

CHF - why does liquid fill lungs?

Answer 27

Pressure downstream in left sided hear failure greater than pressure in lungs and forces water across - membrane shrinks/thickens

Question 28

PEEP results: ?

Answer 28

Can see any number of wave forms on capnograph - first 5 minutes CRITICAL! WATCH THEM!!

Question 29

Amt CO2 normally dispelled in 1 min = ?

Answer 29

Breaths per minute x 35 - 45 mmHG (640 mmHg ave) (range 420 - 900)

Question 30

Body rxn to CHF (Resp, HR, BP, Airway)

Answer 30

Resp inc; HR inc; BP inc (compensated); bronchoconstriction

Question 31

What is cardiac asthma?

Answer 31

Cardiac problem inc pressure in lungs, pushing liquid across membrane - body reacts by narrowing bronchioles.

Question 32

Treatment for cardiac asthma?

Answer 32

CPAP or BVM w/ PEEP; Bronchodialator; Vasodialator