ETCO2 Basics Flashcards
Capnos = ?
Smoke
In general, on a capnograph: _____ wave good and ____ wave bad.
(Square) (Round/Shark Fin)
Normal capnography values:
35 - 45 mmHg
PACO2 (CO2 in arteries) normal values:
35 - 45 mmHg
High / Low capnography values = ? / ? acidity
High / Low
Normal blood pH = ?
7.35 - 7.45
If pulse ox wave is off by more than ? bpm, SPO2 not accurate.
6
Qty CO2 upon inhalation = ?
atmospheric air - almost 0 mmHg CO2 inhalation
Phase 1 on capnograph
Inhalation (A-B)
Phase 2 on capnograph
Ascending - Exhalation - SHOOTS up! (B-C)
Phase 3 on capnograph
Alveolar plateau - Exhalation - btw 35 - 45 (C-D)
Phase 4 on capnograph
Descending - Inhalation - SHOOTS down! (D-E)
? cc of initial exhalation atmospheric air?
150cc (zero CO2)
END TITLE = what part of breath?
End of breath
CAPNOGRAPH = what part of graph?
Whole breath
? SPO2 value = respiratory distress?
90% - 95%
? SPO2 value = respiratory failure?
<90%
Respiratory arrest means ?
No breaths. Nothing. Nada. You bag them.
What capnograph wave = respiratory distress?
Shark Fin
s/s respiratory distress (4)
cyanotic tips; shark fin wave; diff breathing; body able to compensate and perfuse
s/s respiratory failure (3)
core cyanosis; rounded wave; decompensation (not perfusing)
What capnograph wave = respiratory failure?
rounded
ETT size formula (pedi?)
(16+age) / 4
Ventilation vs Respiration
Moving air vs. Gas exchange
If waveform is abnormal, there (is/is not) usually something wrong?
IS
Capnography and PEEP in CHF
Best: CPAP + albuterol
CHF - why does liquid fill lungs?
Pressure downstream in left sided hear failure greater than pressure in lungs and forces water across - membrane shrinks/thickens
PEEP results: ?
Can see any number of wave forms on capnograph - first 5 minutes CRITICAL! WATCH THEM!!
Amt CO2 normally dispelled in 1 min = ?
Breaths per minute x 35 - 45 mmHG (640 mmHg ave) (range 420 - 900)
Body rxn to CHF (Resp, HR, BP, Airway)
Resp inc; HR inc; BP inc (compensated); bronchoconstriction
What is cardiac asthma?
Cardiac problem inc pressure in lungs, pushing liquid across membrane - body reacts by narrowing bronchioles.
Treatment for cardiac asthma?
CPAP or BVM w/ PEEP; Bronchodialator; Vasodialator
